关中平原区细沟水流侵蚀产沙研究  

Experimental study on rill flow erosion and sediment yield

作　　者：马小玲[1] 张宽地[1,2] 龚家国[3] 杨帆[1] MA Xiao-ling ZHANG Kuan-di GONG Jia-guo YANG Fan(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A＆F University,Yangling 712100, China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling 712100, China China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国水利水电科学研究院水资源研究所,北京100084

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2017年第3期31-35,41,共6页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51579214);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(Z109021564);黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室主任基金项目(A314021402-1619);流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室开放基金项目(IWHR-SKL-2014)

摘　　要：为了研究关中平原区坡面细沟侵蚀过程,利用定水头冲刷试验,系统研究了6个坡度(2°、4°、6°、8°、10°、12°)、5个流量(8L/min、16L/min、24L/min、32L/min、40L/min)工况下的细沟水流含沙量及其与各水动力学间的耦合关系。结果表明:不同流量和坡度下,细沟断面流速随细沟断面的增加而呈波动性增加。断面流速与流量及断面呈显著性相关,而与坡度和平均含沙量相关性不大;不同流量和坡度条件下,含沙量随冲刷历时的增加,先急剧降低,然后呈微小波动趋势,最终归于稳定。含沙量与流量和坡度呈显著幂函数关系增加;挟沙饱和系数K变化范围为10.17~295.66,对应的不淤保证率约为73%。K随流量和坡度的增大逐渐增加,但增加的趋势逐渐减缓。由此可知,挟沙水流的剥蚀能力是有限度的。Water scour experimental study on rill flow sediment concentration is conducted, by 6 slopes （2°, g°, 6°, 8°, 10° and 12°） , and 5 flows （8 L/min, 16 L/min, 24 L/min, 32 L/min, 40 L/min）. Results show that sectional velocity increases with the increase of volatility in the cross section of the groove. The sec- tional velocity has extremely significant correlation with flow rate and the cross section, but no significant cor- relation with slope and sediment concentration. Under the condition of different flow discharge and slope, sedi- ment concentration increased volatility after sharply reduced in the beginning, and stabilized finally. Sediment transport saturation coefficient K range with 10. 17 -295.66, corresponding nondeposit assurance rate is roughly 73%. Parameter K increases with the flow and slope, but increased gradually slowing down. As a re- sult, erosion ability of sediment laden flow is limited.

关 键 词：细沟侵蚀 断面流速 含沙量 挟沙饱和系数 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]