不同施磷水平对春玉米产量、养分吸收及转运的影响  被引量:29

Effect of Different Phosphorus Levels on Yield, Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Absorption and Translocation of Spring Maize

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作  者:侯云鹏[1] 杨建[1] 孔丽丽[1] 尹彩侠[1] 李前[1] 秦裕波[1] 王立春[1] 谢佳贵[1] 

机构地区:[1]吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业部东北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,长春130033

出  处:《玉米科学》2017年第3期123-130,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基  金:农业部行业科研专项(201303103);国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD07B02;2013BAD07B14;SQ2017YFNC050062);吉林省科技基础条件与平台建设计划(20160623030TC);国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)项目(BFDP-Jilin-2016)

摘  要:通过两年田间试验,研究不同施磷条件下玉米产量、养分吸收利用及转运的变化。结果表明,玉米产量随施磷水平的提高先增后降,以施磷90 kg/hm^2处理最高。依据玉米产量(y)和施磷量(x)二次曲线拟合,得出最佳施磷范围为90.1~103.1 kg/hm^2。在施磷水平30~90 kg/hm^2范围内,抽雄期各养分积累量与转运量呈正比;当施磷水平提高至120 kg/hm^2,各养分向子粒转运量出现负效应。相关分析表明,除苗期外,玉米其他生育期氮、磷、钾的积累间及转运间均存在显著或极显著的正向相关性,氮、磷、钾积累、转运与产量间也存在显著或极显著的正向相关性,灌浆期氮、磷、钾素积累与产量间的相关系数最大。玉米磷肥生理利用率和农学利用率随施磷水平的提高先增后降,玉米磷素吸收效率、当季回收率和偏生产力随施磷水平的提高而降低。The effects of different phosphorus(P2Os) levels on maize yield, absorption, utilization and transloca- tion of nutrient were studied by the field experiment from 2015 to 2016. The results showed that maize yield in- creased at first and decreased later with the increment of phosphorus application levels, and the highest value was at 90 kg/ha of phosphorus fertilizer application. The optimum phosphorus fertilizer rates were 90.1 kg/ha-103.1 kg/ha by simulating between maize yield(y) and phosphorus fertilizer application(x). The amount of nutrient accumulation was proportional to the amount of the translocation at the range of 30-90 kg/ha (P205) at the tasseling stage of maize. It could cause negative effect for the translocation of N, P, and K nutrition to grain, when phosphorus levels exceeded 120 kg/ha. The correlation analysis indicated that it was significantly or extremely significantly positive correla- tions between the accumulations of N, P and K at the other growth stage of maize except at the seedling stage, and between the translocations of N, P and K, and between accumulation, translocation of N, P and K and yield. And the correlation coefficient was the largest between yield and N, P and K accumulations at the filling stage. Phospho- rus physiological utilization efficiency and agronomic utilization efficiency increased at first and decreased later with the increment of phosphorus application levels. And phosphorus absorption efficiency, recovery rate in the quar- ter and partial productivity decreased later with the increment of phosphorus application levels.

关 键 词:玉米 产量 施磷水平 磷素利用效率 

分 类 号:S513.062[农业科学—作物学]

 

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