施肥对旱地胡麻耗水特性和籽粒产量的影响  

Effects of Fertilization on Water Consumption Characteristic and Grain Yield of Linum usitatissimum L. in Dry Land

作　　者：吴兵[1,2] 高玉红[2,3] 高珍妮[2,4] 剡斌 张中凯[2,3] 崔政军[2,3] 牛俊义[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,兰州730070 [3]甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070 [4]甘肃农业大学信息科学技术学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2017年第3期188-193,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-17-GW-9);国家自然科学基金(31360315)

摘　　要：为了合理调控胡麻生产过程中氮、磷配施水平,以"陇亚杂1号"为试验材料,研究了不同施肥处理对旱地胡麻耗水特性、籽粒产量和水分利用效率的影响。试验设2个施氮(纯N)水平:75kg/hm^2(N_1),150kg/hm^2(N_2);2个施磷(纯P_2O_5)水平:75kg/hm^2(P_1),150kg/hm^2(P_2),共4个施肥处理(N_1P_1,N_1P_2,N_2P_1和N_2P_2),以不施氮磷肥为对照(N_0P_0)。结果表明:2013年胡麻的农田耗水量随着施肥量的增加而增加,2014年随着施肥水平增加至N2P1时,耗水量达到高峰,较N_2P_2处理显著增加10.23%;与N0P0处理相比,各施肥处理100—200cm土层的耗水量明显增加13.03~19.36mm。在胡麻现蕾至盛花期,2013年各施肥处理在此阶段的耗水量随着施肥量的增加而增加,而2014年以N_2P_1处理的阶段耗水量最大,较N_0P_0,N_2P_2处理分别显著增加19.25%和17.87%,说明氮磷配施有利于促进胡麻根系对土壤水分的吸收,尤其是深层贮水的利用,以满足胡麻生育后期的水分需求。两个生长季,胡麻的籽粒产量均表现为N_2P_1>N_2P_2>N_1P_2>N_1P_1>N_0P_0,且N_2P_1的籽粒产量显著高于N_0P_0处理44.27%~56.55%。胡麻的水分利用效率与籽粒产量的变化趋势基本一致,各施肥处理中以N_2P_1处理的最大,N_2P_2的次之,分别比N_0P_0处理显著增加30.23%~38.54%,20.50%~36.81%。可见,在本试验区同等肥力土壤条件下,氮磷施用量分别为150kg/hm^2,75kg/hm^2的高氮低磷配施(N_2P_1)是旱地胡麻高产节肥的最佳施肥处理。In order to regulate the combined application levels of N and P reasonably in the process of Linum usitatissimum L.production,field experiment in dry land was conducted to elucidate the effects of fertilization on water consumption characteristic,grain yield and water use efficiency of Linum usitatissimum L.which was ‘Longyaza 1’,thereby providing theoretical reference for fertilizer application of rain-fed Linum usitatissimum L.in hilly area of the Loess Plateau.Four fertilizer application treatments were 2nitrogen levels：N1（75kg/hm2）and N2（150kg/hm2）,and 2phosphorus levels：P1（75kg/hm2）and P2（150kg/hm2）,which were marked for N1P1,N1P2,N2P1,N2P2,and the control（N0P0）was without nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer.The results indicated that total water consumption rose with increase of the application amounts of N and P in 2013,reached the peak as the fertilization increased to the level of N2P1 in 2014and markedly enhanced by 10.23% than N2P2 which was the maximum rate of fertilizer.Compared with the N0P0,the water consumption at depth of 100—200cm of soil obviously increased by 13.0319.36 mm.Besides,water consumption at the budding to full-flowering periods had a sharp increase with the amount of fertilization in2013,whereas the N2P1 was the most in 2014 and significantly enhanced by 19.25% and 17.87% than theN0P0 and N2P2,respectively.These results indicated that combined application of N and P could improve the absorption of soil moisture,especially for deep soil water,to meet the water requirement of Linum usitatissimum L.in later growth period.In addition,the grain yield of Linum usitatissimum L.decreased in the order：N2P1〉N2P2〉N1P2〉N1P1〉N0P0,and yield of N2P1 was 44.27%56.55% higher compared the N0P0.The changes of water use efficiency was fairly consistent with grain yield,and the N2P1 was the largest,followed by the N2P2 under different fertilizations,which were raised by 30.23%38.54% and 20.50%36.81%,respectively,compared with the treatment of N0P0.As far as saving

关 键 词：胡麻 施肥 耗水特性 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S563.2[农业科学—作物学]