织金洞土壤渗透水—洞穴滴水元素的时空变化特征  

Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics and Environmental Significance of Soil Water Infiltration and Elements in Water Drip in Zhijin Cave

作　　者：张结[1,2] 周忠发[1,2] 潘艳喜 曹明达[1,2] 张绍云[1,2] 张强[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院,贵阳550001 [2]国家喀斯特石漠化防治工程技术研究中心,贵阳550001

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2017年第4期355-361,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区项目(41361081);贵州省科技计划(黔科合G字[2014]4004-2号);贵州省重大应用基础研究项目(黔科合JZ字[2014]200201)

摘　　要：通过对织金洞上覆岩溶泉水,土壤渗透水和洞穴滴水水化学特征的系统监测和分析,得出:在织金洞岩溶系统中,土壤渗透水、岩溶泉水和洞穴滴水元素在一年内的变化范围不一,且各主要元素均呈现有明显的季节变化特征;在3类水中,Ca^(2+)平均浓度为洞穴滴水>洞顶泉水>土壤渗透水,Mg^(2+),Sr^(2+)平均浓度大致是洞穴滴水>土壤渗透水>洞顶泉水,说明岩溶系统中各元素的变化可能是其他各种要素综合作用的结果;Mg/Ca和Sr/Ca比值的变化及其相关性,反映了其受到来源、水岩相互作用时间和方解石的优先沉积(PCP过程)等机制影响的一致性,故而其比值能反映外界气候的干湿变化。洞穴上覆的水—土、水—岩作用过程,控制了各滴水点滴水化学组成的变化。滴水点的运移路径,时间和环境条件等对降水响应的程度存在差异,因此在利用洞穴次生化学沉积物元素地球化学特征来反映洞外环境变化时,需综合考虑各元素在水—土—岩中的分布和迁移特征及其与环境因素的相互关系。The chemical characteristics of the karst spring water, soil water seepage and cave drip water in Zhijin cave were systematically monitored and analyzed. The results showed that in the karst system of Zhijin cave, the change range of soil water, karst spring water and cave drip water element in one year varied, and the main elements presented the obvious seasonal variation characteristics; in the three types of water, the average concentration of Ca^2＋ decreased in the sequence： cave drip water〉 cave spring〉soil infiltrating water, the average concentrations of Sr^2＋, Mg^2＋ decreased in the order： cave drip water.soil infiltration water.cave spring water, indicating that the changes in all the elements in the karst system may be the result of a variety of other factors; the change of Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios and their correlation reflected the consistent effects of the source, water rock interaction time, and preferentially deposited calcite, therefore this ratio can reflect the change of wet and dry weather outside; the water-soil, water-rock interaction processes in the cave controlled the change of the chemical composition of the drip water. The migration path, the time and the environmental condition of the drip point had different responses to the precipitation. Therefore, when speleothem element geochemical characteristics are used to reflect the changes in the cave environment, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the elements in the water-soil-rock distribution and migration characteristics and their relationships with environmental factors.

关 键 词：土壤渗透水 洞穴滴水 元素 织金洞 

分 类 号：P641.3[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]