清末民国时期临汾地区旱灾变化研究  

Analysis of Drought Disasters in Linfen Region During the Period from 1840 to 1949

作　　者：侯雨乐 赵景波[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]阿坝师范学院,四川汶川623002 [2]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,西安710062 [3]陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究中心,西安710062

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2017年第4期384-388,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：阿坝师范学院校级科研项目岷江上游旱涝灾害研究(ASB15-13);四川省教育厅项目岷江上游旱涝灾害原因及治理探析(16ZB0386);黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室项目(SKLLQG1428)

摘　　要：为研究临汾地区清末民国时期洪涝灾害变化规律及与气候变化关系等问题,恢复历史时期气候特征,通过对临汾地区历史资料的统计整理,利用数理方法对其旱灾频次、等级序列特点、时间变化以及成因进行了系统研究。结果表明:1840—1949年临汾地区的旱灾共计54次,平均每2年就发生一次。其中Ⅱ级以上旱灾比重高达66.7%,表明这110年间受灾程度严重。清末旱灾频率比民国时高出约19%,尤以Ⅲ级旱灾最为明显。这两个时期都属旱灾多发期,且Ⅳ级旱灾较多。全年或跨年大旱与特大旱灾指示当时年降水量多低于332.7mm。气候冷干、暖干化以及厄尔尼诺等极端气候事件是影响旱灾频发的气候大背景;当年降水大幅减少是引发(特)大旱灾的主要原因。人地矛盾突出、毁林围湖开荒等对大自然无节制的开发也加剧了旱灾频发、灾情严重程度。For the study of flood change rule and the relationship with climate change, restoring nlsrorlcai period climate characteristics in Linfen region, through the statistics of the historical data of Linfen City, using the method of mathematical statistics, we analyze frequency of drought disasters, grade sequence characteristics, seasonal and internal variations and the cause during the period from 1840 to 1949. The results show that it happened recorded a total of 54 times, about 2 years per one time, above class Ⅱ propor- tion was 66.7%, and the drought than half of the total number of drought, it shows that drought damage is serious in the 110 years. The drought frequency of late Qing Dynasty is about 19 % higher than the Republic of China, the level Ⅲ drought is especially significant. They belong to the more drought seasons, and the level IV drought is relative larger. Most drought season is the whole year drought, spring-to-summer contin- uous drought, summer drought. Heavy drought and major drought indicate annual precipitation is mostly less than 332. 7 mm. The dry cold climate, warm dry climate, E1 Nino phenomenon and other extreme weather events are background of frequent drought climate. The drastically reduced precipitation is the main reason for the big drought. The prominent contradiction between human and land, land to carry at the forest on the nature of development also contributed to the frequent drought and severe floods.

关 键 词：旱灾 清末民国 临汾地区 

分 类 号：P426.616[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]