Analysis on the Production Advantages of USA Pima Extra Long Staple Cotton  

美国超长绒棉生产优势分析(英文)

作　　者：田立文[1] 徐志武 郑子漂 宁新民[1] 崔建平[1] 朱斌 徐海江[1] 郭仁松[1] 林涛[1] 刘志清[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆雅戈尔农业科技股份有限公司,新疆乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《Agricultural Science & Technology》2017年第5期892-903,共12页农业科学与技术（英文版）

基　　金：Supported by the Special Project for the Key Research and Development in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2016B01001-2);the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest of the Ministry of Agriculture of China(201503117);the Project for Enriching People and Strengthening County of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China;the China Agriculture Research System for Cotton(CARS-18-07);the Special Fund for the Commercialization of Research Findings of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(201354103);the Key Laboratory for the Physiological Ecology and Cultivation of Desert Oasis Crops,the Ministry of Agriculture of China~~

摘　　要：This paper defines the following advantages of ELS （Extra Long Staple） also known as Pima cotton planted in the United States： first, the only variety which is concentrated in the planting area with good soil moisture and fertilizer retention performances and abundant light and heat resources; second; advanced and practi- cal material equipment and technology; third; high yield and good quality, significant planting scale benefit; fourth, feasible and reliable modernized intensive farm man- agement mode with large-scale agricultural machinery operation; fifth, high-efficient social services and policy support system, as well as reasonable planting layout, good brand influence, synchronization of high yield and good quality with large-scale benefits. Although the production capability of Pima cotton in the United States is considered to be the largest and most powerful country in the world, compared with the ELS production in China, both have their own advantages and characteristics. Therefore, it is suggested that by using the ELS production experience ol the Unit- ed Stages for reference, China should make use of the modern breeding technJques to accelerate the modification of synthetic genetic features of ELS variety, try its best to breed the ELS variety which is suitable for mechanical plucking as soon as possible, actively develop new technology to simplify the whole cost saving cultiva- tion, reform ELS production organization, vigorously develop the social service sys- tem, and adjust and optimize the ELS industry support policies, so as to fundamen- tally improve the competitiveness of China＇s ELS in international market.该文明确了美国Pima棉种植具有以下优势:(1)唯一集中种植区土壤保水保肥性好、光热资源丰富;(2)物质装备与技术先进实用;(3)产量高、品质优,种植规模效益显著;(4)大型农业机械作业的现代化集约式农场经营模式可行可靠;(5)社会服务、政策支持系统高效,以及种植布局合理、品牌影响力大,实现了高产、优质与高规模效益同步目标。虽然该国Pima棉生产能被确认为全球超长绒棉生产的大国与强国,但与中国ELS生产相比,双方互有优势与特点。笔者分析认为:借鉴美国ELS生产经验,我国应运用现代育种技术,加快ELS品种综合遗传特性改良步伐,尽快选育适宜机采的ELS品种,积极研发全程轻简节本增效栽培新技术,改革ELS生产组织形式,大力发展社会化服务体系,调整优化ELS产业扶持政策,从而从根本上提高我国ELS国际市场竞争力。

关 键 词：ELS （Extra Long Staple） or Pima cotton Natural Ecology Planting lay-out and scale Fiber quality Material equipment 

分 类 号：F371.2[经济管理—产业经济]