医学院校大学生健康素养现状及其内部通径分析  

Analysis on status of health literacy and its internal path analysis among medical college students

作　　者：王晶晶 王凯强[2] 白羽[2] 初炜[2] 

机构地区：[1]克什克腾旗医院,内蒙古赤峰025350 [2]大连医科大学公共卫生管理学院,辽宁大连116044

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2017年第5期416-420,共5页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：辽宁省普通高等教育本科教学改革研究项目(UPRP20140413)

摘　　要：目的了解医学生健康素养水平并分析其影响因素,探讨健康素养内部路径关系,为针对性地实施有效健康干预措施提供依据。方法采取分层整群随机抽样方法,对某医科大学的1740名学生采用《2012年全国居民健康素养调查问卷》进行了问卷调查。结果医学院校大学生具备健康素养的比例为25.0%。3个维度中具备基本健康理念和知识的比例为50.5%、具备健康技能的比例为32.6%、具备健康生活方式和行为的比例为27.8%。健康素养主要与录取批次、年级、专业、性别和是否学过健康课程等因素有关。在健康素养的比例上,二本学生(32.0%)高于三本学生(15.9%),高年级学生高于低年级学生(大一到大五分别为14.5%、16.9%、29.9%、37.3%和41.3%),临床专业学生(26.6%)高于非临床专业学生(21.5%),女生(27.0%)高于男生(21.0%),学过健康教育相关课程的学生(27.2%)高于未学过的学生(10.7%)(P<0.05)。通径分析显示健康知识可直接或通过健康理念、健康技能间接转化为健康行为生活方式。结论医学生健康素养水平不容乐观,健康素养现状应得到高度重视。教育部门应以开设健康教育课程为基础,通过不同途径采取适宜的健康干预措施,促使学生不良生活方式与行为的改善。Objective To understand the status of health literacy and its influence factors among medical college students, and provide evidence for targeted implementation of health interventions. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 1740 medical college students. The investigation was conducted with 2012 National Residents Health Literacy Questionnaire. Results The overall level of medical college students＇ health literacy was 25.0%. The levels of basic health concepts and knowledge, health skills, healthy lifestyles and behavior, were 50.5%, 32.6%, 27. 8%, respectively. Health literacy was influenced by enrollment batch, grade, major, gender, studied health course or not. Health literacy level of students who was in second-tier college （ 32. 0% ） was higher than that of third-tier college students （ 15.9% ）. The students in higher grades had higher health literacy levels （ grade 1 to grade 5 ： 14. 5%, 16.9%, 29. 9%, 37. 3%, 41.3% ）, the health literacy level of clinical professional students （26. 6% ） was higher than non-clinical professional students （21.5%）, health literacy level of girls （27.0%） was higher than that of boys （21.0%）, students studied the courses about health education （27. 2% ） got higher levels than not learned （ 10. 7% ） （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Pathway analysis showed that health knowledge can be transfered into health behavior directly or indirectly by health concepts and health skills. Conclusion Status of health literacy among medical college students should be paid more attention, education department should be adopted on their health intervention activities to make improvement of health lifestyle and behavior among the students.

关 键 词：医学院校 大学生 健康素养 通径分析 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]