氮肥运筹对滴灌甜菜产量、氮素吸收和氮素平衡的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Management on Sugar Beet Yield, Nitrogen Uptake and Soil Nitrogen Balance under Drip Irrigation

作　　者：苏继霞 王开勇[1] 费聪[1] 李阳阳[1] 樊华[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《土壤通报》2016年第6期1404-1408,共5页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31260299);教育部科学技术研究重点项目(212201);新疆生产建设兵团博士基金项目(2014BB012);石河子大学杰出青年科技人才培育计划(2015ZRKXJQ03)资助

摘　　要：以甜菜品种"Beta356"为材料,研究了氮素运筹[甜菜叶丛快速增长期、块根膨大期和糖分积累期的氮素追施比例分别为6∶3∶1、5∶3∶2、4∶4∶2(用N1、N2、N3表示),不施氮素的处理为对照(用CK表示)]对滴灌甜菜产量、氮素吸收和氮素平衡的影响。结果表明:各处理甜菜产糖量为N3>N2>N1>CK,氮素运筹间差异不显著。与N1处理相比,适当降低叶丛快速生长期的氮素施用比例,有利于提高氮肥表观利用率和氮肥表观残留率,降低氮肥表观损失率。其中N2处理的氮肥表观利用率和氮肥表观残留率分别比N1和N3处理提高了-3.00%和22.00%,108.22%和-0.14%,N2处理的氮肥表观损失率分别比N1和N3处理降低了262.40%和65.25%。综合考虑产量、氮素利用和氮素平衡认为,N2处理具有较高经济效益和环境效益,是北疆滴灌甜菜合理氮素运筹模式。The experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen （N） management on sugar beet ylela, l uptake and soil N balance under drip irrigation. The application ratio of N fertilizer at rapid growth, expanding, and topdressing stages, respectively, was 6 ： 3 ： 1, 5 ： 3 ： 2, 4 ： 4 ： 2 （represented with N1, N2, N3, respectively）, and no application of N fertilizer （CK） was set as control treatment. The results showed that sugar content reduced in the order of N3 〉 N2 〉 N1 〉 CK, but was not significantly affected by N management. Compared with N1 treatment, the appropriate decrease in the application rate of N fertilizer at leaf rapid growth stage improved apparent N recovery rate and apparent N residue rate, and reduced apparent N loss rate. The apparent N recovery rate and the apparent N residue rate in N2 treatment were -3.00% and 22.00%, 108.22% and -0.14% higher than that in N1 and N3 treatments, respectively. The apparent N loss rates in N2 treatment were 262.40% and 65.25% lower than that in N1 and N3 treatment, respectively. Considering yield, N utilization and balance, N2 treatment had higher economic and environmental benefits and can be used as the reasonable N management mode of sugar beet under drip irrigation in the north of Xinjiang.

关 键 词：甜菜 氮肥运筹 氮素吸收 氮素平衡 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学]