西汉海昏侯墓出土黄金的几个问题  

Several Problems about Gold Items Unearthed from Western Han Haihun Marquis Mausoleum

作　　者：黄今言[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学中国经济史研究所,教授。江西南昌330027

出　　处：《史学月刊》2017年第6期21-29,共9页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：南昌海昏侯墓出土多种不同形状的黄金。其中的金饼属"上币""行金",是全国通行的法定货币,体现价值尺度,具有流通职能。但其与铜钱尚未形成兑换率,存在交换上的诸多不便,对它在商品流通中的地位作用不宜估计过高。马蹄金、麟趾金是皇帝为了协调"嘉祉",班赐给诸侯王的特殊赏赐物或纪念品,是身份和荣誉的象征,发行数量有限,非民间上下通行的正式货币,与金饼有别。金板不是什么王侯册封时的"金册",而是墓主为供宗庙祭祀及侯国消费之用的备用金。该墓出土的大量黄金,非如有人所说由"亲朋赙赠"而来,当主要是刘贺对家产的继承及其本人的赏赐所得,而库存的金板或许是其在海昏就地铸造。The myriad golds shaped differently were out of Haihun Marquis mausoleum by archaeological excavation, of them, gold disc was fiat money, and regarded as ＂superior money＂ and ＂ current gold＂, served as value measure and marketing function. However, there was not exchange rate between it and copper cash, and so it was not convenient in circulation. We mustn＇t overestimate its position and function in circulation. The Horse＇s hoof-shaped gold and Kylin~ s hoof-shaped gold were goods those vassals got from the emperor as special gift as thief rewards, as a symbol of identity and honor, issued limitedly, were not official currency, and were distincitve from gold disc. The gold boards were not as a gold certification but as a imprest fund. The myriad golds were not from a funeral gift as what some scholars guessed,but probably came from property inheritance and rewards which Liu He, the Marquis got from his father and emperor,and the stocked gold boards might be mined by Liu He himself from his own fief.

关 键 词：海昏侯 金饼 马蹄金 麟趾金 金板 

分 类 号：K875.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]