姚祖义《最新高等小学中国历史教科书》中的民族国家观念  

The nation-state concept of Yao Zuyi's The Latest Chinese History Textbook of Higher Primary School

作　　者：张运君[1] 管西荣[1] ZHANG Yun-jun GUAN Xi-rong(Marxism College, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China)

机构地区：[1]青岛科技大学马克思主义学院,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《青岛科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第2期95-99,114,共6页Journal of Qingdao University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目(12BZS051);教育部人文社科基金规划项目(12YJA770054)

摘　　要：晚清时期,中华民族面临着严峻的民族危机。为挽救民族危亡,民族主义知识分子以历史教科书为武器,不断向国民传播民族意识,期望凝聚人心,共御外辱。姚祖义是晚清商务印书馆自编教科书的积极践行者,他通过历史教科书来阐释其对民族国家的认识。其撰写的《最新高等小学中国历史教科书》整体上依然认同传统的君主国家观,但也重视通过记述与描写中华民族不断扩张与融合的过程来激发民族自信心和凝聚力,并通过记叙与描写中华民族在近代遭受的苦难来培养国民的民族忧患意识。这是晚清的民族主义知识分子为挽救国家危亡而做出的具体尝试,也是姚祖义家国情怀的具体表达。During the late Qing period, the Chinese nation was faced with the severe national crisis. In order to rescue our nation from the dangerous situation, the nationalist intellectuals regarded the history textbooks as weapons so as to spread the national consciousness constantly, and they also expected to unite people to resist invasion together. Yao Zuyi, a positive practitioner of the self-made textbook of the Commercial Press in the late Qing Dynasty, demonstrated his understanding of the nation state through history textbook. The Latest Chinese History Textbook of Higher Primary School that compiled by Yao Zuyi still maintained the traditional concept of monarchy as a whole. However, he also focused on describing the process of the continuous expansion and integration of Chinese nation so as to stimulate the national self-confidence and cohesion. In the meanwhile, he cultivated the nationality sense of hardship by depicting the suffering of the Chinese nation in modern times. This is not only the specific attempt of the national intellectuals for saving the country in the late Qing Dynasty, but also the specific expression of Yao Zuyi’s patriotism.

关 键 词：姚祖义 历史教科书 民族国家观念 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]