辐射荚蛏(Siliqua radiata)生物学的研究  

Biology reserach of Siliqua radiata (Linnaeus)

作　　者：刘德经 谢开恩[2] 李正华[3] 邹文钟 陈卫国 肖思祺 

机构地区：[1]福建省长乐市漳港海蚌场,福建长乐350209 [2]福建省水产研究所,福建厦门361013 [3]福州市海洋与渔业技术中心,福建福州350026

出　　处：《渔业研究》2017年第3期172-180,共9页Journal of Fisheries Research

基　　金：福建省长乐市科学技术协会农业开发项目(2012012)

摘　　要：本文报道了2013—2016年产于长乐沿海的辐射荚蛏(Siliqua radiata)生物学研究结果,内容包括形态特征(外部形态与内部构造)、生态分布、群体组成、栖息环境、干露耐受力、食性、繁殖、生长等。结果表明,辐射荚蛏壳高与壳长直线回归关系为H=0.360 6L-0.015 3;群体组成壳长分布频率(f/n)为0.44,最适水温为21~28℃,最适盐度为19.65~29.36,最适pH为8.0~8.4,水中溶氧量低于0.5 mg/L会引起死亡;栖息底质以粒级直径0.10~0.25 mm的细砂为主;耐干露能力差,气温33~35℃,干露24 h逐渐死亡;胃含物以硅藻为主,亦有少量细砂;雌、雄异体,生物学最小型为壳长42.60 mm、壳高15.50 mm;个体绝对怀卵量为(12.3~16.2)×10~4粒,繁殖期在每年6—7月,个体产卵量为(6~10)×10~4粒,为沉性卵,卵径64μm;水温(27.35±0.85)℃,用球等鞭金藻(Ischrysis galbuna)、扁藻(Platymonas spp.)为饵料,直线铰合幼虫经10~13 d培养,发育成壳长250~280μm的稚贝,1龄贝平均壳长50.10 mm,2龄贝平均壳长79.20 mm,3龄贝平均壳长101.50 mm。This paper reported the biology research results of Siliqua radiata which were found in Changle Coastal from 2013 to 2016. The contents included morphological characteristics( external morphology and internal structure),ecological distribution,group composition,habitat conditions,dry dew resistance,feeding,reproduction and growth. The results showed that shell height of siliqua radiata had linear regression relation with straight back shell length( H = 0. 360 6L-0. 015 3). The distribution frequency of shell length was(f/n) was 0. 44. The optimum water temperature was 21 ~ 28℃,the optimum salinity range was19. 65 ~ 29. 36,and the most suitable pH was 8. 0 ~ 8. 4. It would die if the amount of dissolved oxygen in water was less than 0. 5 mg/L. The habitat bottom was mainly composed of fine sand with particle diameter of0. 10 ~ 0. 25 mm. The dry dew resistance of Siliqua radiata was poor,and it would gradually die after 24 h under the temperature of 33 ~ 35℃. The substance of the stomach was marine diatoms. The contents of the stomach were mainly diatoms,but also a small amount of fine sand. Siliqua radiata was dioecious,and the biological minimum size was shell length of 42. 60 mm and shell height of 15. 50 mm. The absolute fecundity was( 12. 3 ~ 16. 2) ×10~4 grains,the reproductive period was from June to July every year,and the individual fecundity was( 6 ~ 10) ×10~4 grains. The diameter of demersal egg was 64 μm. The water temperature was( 27. 35 ± 0. 85) ℃. After being cultured by feeding with Isochrysis galbuna and platymonas spp. for 10~ 13 days,the larvae of the straight line grew into juvenile shell with a length from 250 μm to 280 μm. The average length of one-year-old shell was 50. 10 mm,the average length of two-year-old shell was 79. 20 mm,and the average length of three-year-old shell was 101. 50 mm. The purpose of the study was to provide scientific references for the proliferation and culture of Siliqua radiata.

关 键 词：辐射荚蛏 生物学特性 生态习性 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]