苦瓜苗期几个主要性状的遗传分析  

Genetic Analysis on Several Main Seedling Characters of Bitter Melon

作　　者：张燕[1] 王佳楠[1] 商桑[1] 田丽波[1] 杜卓涛[1] 周萌萌[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带农林学院,海口570228

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2017年第5期1906-1917,共12页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31460517;31660570);国家科技支撑计划项目子课题(2014BAD05B04)共同资助

摘　　要：为了解苦瓜苗期几个主要性状的遗传规律,选取苦瓜高代自交系04-17和25作为亲本并构建BC1、BC2、F1、F2等6个世代群体,运用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型方法研究平均芽长、生长速度、子叶长和子叶宽4个苗期性状的遗传规律,并估算遗传参数。结果表明:平均芽长、生长速度两个性状的遗传都符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因(E-1)模型,子叶宽和子叶长性状的遗传分别符合子1对负向显性主基因(A-4)模型和1对加性-显性主基因(A-1)模型。从二阶参数可以看出,平均芽长的B1、B2和F2的主基因遗传率分别为92.79%、5.78%和61.00%,多基因遗传率分别为0.00%、54.96%和0.00%,环境变异在7.21%~39.26%间;而生长速度性状的主基因遗传率分别为91.40%、58.97%和73.83%,多基因遗传率分别为0.00%、10.13%和0.00%,环境变异为8.60%~30.90%;控制子叶宽性状的主基因遗传率分别为16.28%、0.00%和7.69%,环境变异为83.72%~100%;控制子叶长的主基因遗传率分别为0.00%、23.73%和18.75%,环境变异为76.27%~100%。遗传因子决定了平均芽长和生长速度性状的遗传,主基因遗传为主,同时受到了部分环境变异的影响,子叶长和子叶宽性状的遗传中环境因子的变异起到了更大的作用。Taking bitter melon inbred line ＇04-17＇ and ＇25＇ as parent, developed their combinations BC1, BC2, F1, F2 and so on 6 generations in this study, the joint genetic separation and analysis method of major gene plus poly-genes genetic model was used to study the genetic rule of average bud length, growth rate, cotyledons broad, cotyledons long in bitter melon seedling stage, and estimate their genetic parameters. The results showed that average bud length and growth rate were appropriate for the model of two additive-dominance-epistatic major genes and additive-dominance polygenes （E-l）, Cotyledons broad was appropriate for the model of negative completely dominant gene （A-4） model and Cotyledons long fitted additive-dominance major genes model （A-1）. The second order parameter can be seen that the heritability of major gene of Average bud length in B~, B2 and F2 populations were 92.79% ,5.78% and 61.00%, the heritability of multiple genes was 0%, 54.96% and 0%, respectively, and the environmental variation was between 7.21%-39.26%; The heritability of the major genes of growth rate was 91.40%, 58.97% and 73.83%, respectively, and the heritability of multiple genes was 0%, 10.13% and 0%, the environmental variation was 8.60%-30.90%; The heritability of major genes controlling cotyledon width traits was 16.28%, 0.00% and 7.69%, and the environmental variation was 83.72% -100%; The heritability of major genes controlling cotyledon length was 0.00%, 23.73% and 18.75%, and the environmental variation was 76.27%-100%. Genetic variation of average length of shoot and growth rate was the main factor of genetic variation, and variation of environmental factors in cotyledon length and cotyledon width trait played a more important role.

关 键 词：苦瓜 苗期性状 主基因+多基因 遗传分析 

分 类 号：S642.5[农业科学—蔬菜学]