德国采用电转气技术实现低碳化  

Application of Power-to-Gas Technology for Low Carbonation

作　　者：罗承先[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石化信息中心,北京100011

出　　处：《中外能源》2017年第4期20-26,共7页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：德国成功采用可再生能源电力转换氢、甲烷(电转气,Pt G)技术,成为世界CO2减排和可再生能源利用最成功的国家。Pt G技术是可再生能源电力制氢或合成甲烷的技术,它所采用的都是成熟技术,包括电解水制氢技术和甲烷化技术,后者是把电解水制得的氢与CO2反应生成甲烷的反应(Sabatier反应),以及电解水和Gt L(气转液)技术合成燃料,有F-T合成(生成直链烃、烯烃、醇类)和甲醇合成。德国现有天然气管网超过100m/km2,Pt G制的氢或甲烷可注入原有天然气管网,大量的氢或甲烷可储存到德国已具备的大规模天然气地下储存设施。变动性可再生能源的电力储存可采用氢电力储存系统,该系统由水电解制氢装置、储氢装置和氢燃料电池等组成。目前德国包括计划和在建的Pt G项目有20个以上,欧洲Pt G总项目30个以上。建议我国大力发展Pt G技术,解决当前弃风、弃光难题。By successfully using the Power-to-Gas （PtG） technology,Germany has become the most successful country in the world in CO2 emission reduction and renewable energy utilization.PtG technology utilizes renewable energy power in hydrogen production or methane synthesis.It adopts mature technologies including water electrolysis technology and methanation technology,in which hydrogen obtained from water electrolysis reacts with CO2 to produce methane （Sabatier reaction）,as well as water electrolysis and Gas-to-Liquid （GtL） tech- nology for synthetic fuel production,including F-T synthesis （for production of straight-chain paraffin,olefin and alcohol） and methanol synthesis.The natural gas pipeline in Germany exceeds 100m/km^2.Hydrogen or methane produced using PtG technology can be injected into the existing natural gas pipeline network,and a large quantity of hydrogen or methane can be stored in the available large-scale underground natural gas storage facilities.Hydrogen power storage system can be used for renewable energy power storage.This system consists of water electrolysis hydrogen production system,hydrogen storage system and hydrogen fuel cell.Currently,more than 20 PtG projects are in planning or under construction in Germany,and the total number of PtG project in Europe is over 30.This paper suggests that China should vigorously develop PtG technology to make full use of wind energy and solar energy.

关 键 词：德国 自然变动性可再生能源 电转气(Power to Gas) 低碳化 风电 光伏发电 氢电力储存 

分 类 号：F416.61[经济管理—产业经济]