生物质成型燃料锅炉挥发性有机物排放特征  

Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Biomass-pelletsfired Boilers

作　　者：吴昌达[1] 张春林[1] 白莉[2] 沈丽冉 王伯光[1] 刘军[2] 杨立辉[2] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学环境与气候研究院,广州511443 [2]广东省环境监测中心,广州510308

出　　处：《环境科学》2017年第6期2238-2245,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41403115,41373116);国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAC21B04)

摘　　要：以5台燃成型生物质燃料锅炉为研究对象,基于预浓缩-GC-MS/FID的测量方法,对成型生物质燃烧产生的烟气进行了挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放特征研究,同时还测定颗粒物、NO_x、SO_2和汞及其化合物的排放浓度.结果表明,5台锅炉所排放的SO_2和汞及其化合物均低于排放标准要求,而氮氧化物和颗粒物的排放存在高于国标排放限值现象.56种VOCs总质量浓度在(872.43±293.80)^(6 929.66±1 137.25)μg·m^(-3)之间,影响因素分析表明VOCs浓度与炉膛中心温度及负荷有较强负相关性.VOCs的排放中烯烃占比最大,达41%~59%,其次是烷烃和芳香烃,分别为27%~49%和6%~18%.烯烃的排放以乙烯、1-丁烯、顺-2-丁烯和1-己烯为主,烷烃以正己烷、异戊烷和环戊烷为主,芳香烃则以苯和甲苯为主.臭氧生成潜势采用最大增量反应活性法进行分析,5台锅炉的臭氧生成潜势贡献主要来自于烯烃,高达76%~90%,而烷烃也可占6%~19%.A pre-concentrator-GC-MS/FID was used to investigate the characteristics of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） based on the flue gases emitted from five biomass-pellets-fired boilers in this study. And the concentrations of particle matter, nitrogen oxides （NOx）, sulfur dioxides （SO2） and mercury and its compounds were also measured. Results demonstrated that the concentrations of SO2 and mercury and its compounds emitted from all five boilers were relatively low, which were lower than the national emission standard, while NOx and particles from some boilers were higher than the standard. The mass concentration of 56 VOC species was in the range of （872.43±293.80）-（6929.66±1137.25） μg·m-3, and the analysis of influencing factors implied that the furnace temperatures and loads havd strong negative correlations with the concentration of total VOCs. The emission components of VOCs were mainly composed of alkenes （41%-59%） including ethylene, 1-butene, cis-2-butene and 1-hexene; alkanes （27%-49%） including hexane, isopentane and cyclopentane; and aromatics （6%-18%） including benzene and toluene. Moreover, the maximum incremental reactivity （MIR） method was applied to analyze ozone formation potential （OFP） of VOCs. The contribution of OFP of five boilers was mainly from alkenes, occupying a relatively high percentage of 76%-90%, and that of alkanes was in the range of 6% to 19%.

关 键 词：挥发性有机物 生物质成型燃料 排放特征 臭氧生成潜势 锅炉 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]