启蒙话语与中国信仰秩序  

Enlightenment Discourse and China's Faith Order

作　　者：赵翠翠[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院宗教研究所

出　　处：《华东师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2017年第3期56-60,共5页Journal of East China Normal University（Humanities and Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"中国民间信仰研究"(项目编号:10&ZD113)及"现阶段我国社会大众精神文化生活调查研究"(项目编号:12&ZD012);汕头大学文学院基督教研究中心资助(项目编号:STUCCS2015-A)

摘　　要：英、法、美三国不同的启蒙思想及其实践机制,使其走上了不同的社会结构转型及其近代演进历程。无论是英、法、美启蒙运动本身,还是启蒙运动中所折射出的内在精髓,都强调个体化的个人权利和自由独立精神。而中国社会传统及文化资源中,"个人"大多是在总体规则制约或挤压之后的"私人"而非个体化的"个体",并形成了公私交换关系中的严重依附性。鉴于宗教社会学理论,究其原委即宗教信仰方式及其近代变迁。在中国启蒙语境中,亦当是宗教信仰"关系即结构"制约的秩序构成方式,促成中国社会中私人信仰宗教的方式缺乏其应有的公共表达路径,同时构成了人与人、人与社会交往中一种较普遍的社会现象,由此说明中国启蒙依旧还是未竟之业。Britain,France and the United States possessed three different kinds of enlightenment thought and practice mechanism,so they embarked on different ways of social structure transformations and modern evolution.Not only the Enlightenment movement in Britain,France and the United States but also the essence of the Enlightenment emphasizes the rights of individuals and the spirit of freedom and independence.By contrast,in Chinese social tradition and cultural resources,"individuals"are always"private persons"restrained or squeezed by the general rules rather than the individualized individuals,and consequently the private seriously depends upon the public.In light of religious sociological theories,this paper investigates Chinese religious faiths and their transformations in modern times and finds out that in the context of China's Enlightenment,the order form of"relations equal structures"in religions makes personal religious faiths in Chinese society lack proper approaches to the public,which is a common social phenomenon in people's intercommunication.In this sense,the Enlightenment is still unaccomplished in China.

关 键 词：启蒙话语 秩序构成 私人化 公私关系 

分 类 号：B14[哲学宗教—世界哲学] B911