氯化钾对硝酸铵爆炸性能和热稳定性的影响（英文）  

Effect of Potassium Chloride on the Detonation Performance and Thermal Stability of Ammonium Nitrate

作　　者：谭柳[1] 刘大斌[1] 徐森[1,2] 夏良红 吴秋杰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学化工学院,江苏南京210094 [2]国家民用爆破器材质量监督检验中心,江苏南京210094 [3]江西国泰民爆集团股份有限公司,江西南昌330096

出　　处：《含能材料》2017年第6期520-528,共9页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：National Natural Science Foundation of China(51174120)

摘　　要：为了研究氯化钾(KCl)对硝酸铵(AN)爆炸性能和热稳定性的影响,用溶液混合法和机械混合法制备了含KCl的改性AN。采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、绝热量热仪(ARC)、联合国隔板试验、克南试验对AN的爆炸性能和热稳定性能进行了研究。结果表明,用溶液混合法所得含10%KCl的改性AN的放热峰温度从286℃降低到250.84℃,而改性AN初始反应峰温度从204.33℃增加到220.17℃,显示KCl能促进AN的热分解过程而不影响AN热分解反应的第一步。爆轰试验表明,KCl能在一定程度上降低AN的热敏感度和传播爆轰的能力。溶液混合法与机械混合法相比,抑制AN爆轰所需KCl的添加量可降低20%。混合方法对AN的爆轰性能有着重要的影响。To investigate the effect of potassium chloride（KCl） on the detonation performance and thermal stability of ammonium nitrate（AN）, modified AN containing KCl was prepared via, solution mixing method and mechanical mixing method. The detonation performance and thermal stability of AN/KCl mixtures were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）, accelerating rate calorimeter（ARC）, the United Nations（UN） gap test and Koenen test. Results show that the exothermic peak temperature of modified AN containing 10% KCl obtained by solution mixing method was decreased from 286.75 ℃ to 250.84 ℃, while the onset temperature of modified AN was increased from 204.33 ℃ to 220.17 ℃, revealing that KCl can promote the thermal decomposition process of AN and doesn’t affect first step of the thermal decomposition of AN. The detonation test results show that KCl can reduce the thermal sensitivity of AN and the detonation propagation ability to a certain extent. Compared with mechanical mixing method, to suppress the detonation of AN, the amount of KCl required can reduce by 20% for solution mixing method. The mixing method has an important effect on the detonation characteristics of AN.

关 键 词：硝酸铵(AN) 混合方法 爆炸性能 热稳定性 

分 类 号：TQ560.1[化学工程—炸药化工]