精神病专科医院护士共情疲劳现状及其影响因素研究  

The status of compassion fatigue and its influencing factors among nurses in psychiatric hospitals

作　　者：田凤娥[1] 陈霞[2] 米长爱 陈湘军[1] 蒋语 王冬华[4] 

机构地区：[1]长沙市长沙医学院第一附属医院护理部,410219 [2]长沙医学院公共卫生学院 [3]怀化市第四人民医院护理部 [4]长沙医学院护理学院

出　　处：《中华护理杂志》2017年第6期654-658,共5页Chinese Journal of Nursing

基　　金：湖南省普通高等学校“十三五”专业综合改革试点项目(湘教通2016-276)

摘　　要：目的调查精神病专科医院护士共情疲劳、职业认同、社会支持得分情况并分析共情疲劳的影响因素。方法采用一般资料问卷、共情疲劳量表、职业认同评定量表及社会支持评定量表对2个省市5所精神病专科医院的480名护士进行调查。结果精神病专科医院护士共情疲劳各维度得分分别为:共情满意(32.26±5.34)分、职业倦怠(27.67±4.34)分、继发性创伤应激(23.72±4.41)分。年龄、职务、个人月收入、健康状况、工作满意度、职业认同对共情满意得分有影响(P<0.001);个人月收入、健康状况、工作满意程度、职业认同对职业倦怠得分有影响(P<0.001);个人月收入、性格、社会支持对继发性创伤应激得分有影响(P<0.001)。结论精神病专科医院护士处于重度共情疲劳。个人月收入低、健康状况欠佳、工作满意程度低、社会支持弱和职业认同度低的护士更容易发生共情疲劳,护理管理者应特别关注此类护士,并制订相应的预防措施。Objective To investigate the status quo and influencing factors of compassion fatigue among nurses in psychiatric hospitals. Methods The self-designed demographic questionnaire,compassion fatigue scale,occupation- al identity assessment scale and social support rating scale were employed to investigate 480 nurses in five psychi- atric hospitals from two provinces. Results The scores for each dimension in compassion fatigue scale were as follows：compassion satisfaction（32.26±5.34）,occupational burnout（27.67±4.34）,and secondary traumatic stress（23.72±4.41）.Age,position,individual monthly income,heahh status,job satisfaction and occupational identity had significant influence on compassion satisfaction（F=19.351,P〈0.001）. Individual monthly income,heahh status,job satisfaction and occupational identity had significant influence on occupation burnout （F=35.705,P〈0.001）. Individual monthly income, personality and social support had significant influence on secondaictraumatic stress（F=17.203,P〈0.001 ）. Conclusion Nurses in psychiatric hospitals had severe compassion fatigue and this status was influenced by multiple reasons. Nursing managers should pay great attention to nurses with low monthly ineome,poor health,low job satisfaction, weak social support and low occupational identity,and take effective measures to decrease compassion fatigue of nurses.

关 键 词：精神病专科医院 共情疲劳 职业认同 社会支持 影响因素分析 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]