2004～2015年祁连山西段大雪山地区冰川变化  

Glaciers Change Detection from 2004 to 2015 in the Daxueshan,Qilian MTS

作　　者：王晶[1] 秦翔[2] 李振林[1] 刘宇硕[2] 景红霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省测绘地理信息局甘肃省基础地理信息中心,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《遥感技术与应用》2017年第3期490-498,共9页Remote Sensing Technology and Application

基　　金：2015年重要地理国情监测:基础性地理国情监测项目

摘　　要：基于地面实测验证、利用SPOT 5/6等高分辨率遥感影像数据,对祁连山西段大雪山地区2004、2008和2015年的冰川及其分布进行遥感解译,分析了该区域的冰川变化规律。结果表明:(1)2015年,大雪山地区共有冰川226条,总面积131.07km^2,其中山谷冰川81条,面积为106.50km^2;悬冰川128条,面积为14.68km^2;冰斗冰川17条,面积为9.89km^2。2004~2015年之间,大雪山地区的冰川以4.9%/10a的速率退缩,而同期的夏季温度和降水量变化并不显著,这有可能是之前持续增温造成的冰川延迟退缩与气温高位震荡共同作用的结果。3种形态的冰川均表现为持续退缩,退缩速率表现为山谷冰川>悬冰川>冰斗冰川,分别为0.45km^2/a、0.18km^2/a和0.06km^2/a。(2)冰川的高程统计结果表明冰川最低海拔均值在快速升高,而同时冰川最高海拔均值在缓慢减小,即冰川海拔差值在不断减小,冰川退缩表现为"上下两面夹击"效应;冰川面积分级统计表明小冰川退缩更为快速,而大冰川相对稳定一些,主要由于小冰川对于气候变化更为敏感所致;不同坡度上的冰川变化结果显示,冰川退缩绝对面积主要发生在坡度大于15°的区域,坡度大于35°的区域冰川减少相对比率最大,为7.5%;不同坡向上的冰川变化差别也比较大,北坡(坡向22.5°~45°、0°~22.5°和337.5°~360°之间)冰川面积减小最多,南坡(157.5°~180°的坡向)冰川面积减小最少。Based on in-situ observing, high resolution remote sensing SPOTS/6） ,glacier distribution of Daxueshan in 2004,2008 and 2015 data （WorldView-1, QuickBird and were Daxueshan was analyzed from 2004 to 2015. The results indicate that： （1） interpreted. Glacier change of totally, there are 226 glaciers with total area of 131.07 km^2 in Daxueshan in 2015.It includes 81 valley glaciers with area of 106.5 km^2 ,128 hanging glaciers with area of 14.68 km2 and 17 cirque glaciers with area of 9.89km2.From 2004 to 2015,the glacier in Daxueshan is decreasing with a rate of 4.9%/10 a,while summer average air temperature and yearly precipitation have no significant change at the same time.The glacier retreating can be attributed to the temperature increasing in previous decades of years and keep high temperature in these year. The re- treating rate of valley glaciers, hanging glaciers and cirque glaciers are 0. 45km^2 /year, 0.18 km^2/year and 0.06km^2/year respectively from 2004 to 2015;（2） By analyzing the elevation of glaciers,the minimum elevation of glaciers is increasing and the maximum elevation of glacier is decreasing.The elevation range of glacier distribution was reducing in the past 10 years.Glaciers with small area change faster than Glacier with large area,because small glaciers are more sensitive to climate change.The analyzing of glaciers slope indicates that the glacier retreating is mainly distributed in the area with slope greater than 15 degree.According to glacier aspect statistic,the majority of glacier in Daxueshan is North oriented.Comparing with other aspect orientation,glacier in aspect range 22.5°~45°、0°-22.5° and 337.5°-360° changed faster.

关 键 词：地理国情监测 空间分辨率 遥感 冰川 大雪山 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]