粒度对石煤钒矿废石重金属静态淋溶的影响规律  

Heavy Metal Static Leaching Rules Affected by Different Particle Sizes of Vanadium Waste Rock

作　　者：林海[1,2] 李洁[1] 董颖博[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学能源与环境工程学院,北京100083 [2]工业典型污染物资源化处理北京市重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《稀有金属》2017年第6期693-700,共8页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家科技部水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项项目(2015ZX07205003)资助

摘　　要：石煤钒矿开采过程中的大量废石,由于露天堆放而导致周边环境产生重金属污染。以湖北某地石煤钒矿废石为研究对象,通过进行实验室静态淋溶试验发现,淋出液中V,Pb,Cd,Cr,As溶出量随粒度的增加而降低,最高溶出量分别为7695.00,1266.00,19.10,777.70,163.10μg·kg^(-1),重金属溶出率分别达到0.23%,11.71%,0.18%,0.12%,1.00%。研究发现,淋出液p H值对重金属溶出量影响较大,高p H值会使重金属沉淀吸附于废石表面,从而降低淋出液中重金属浓度,对环境污染程度较低。石煤钒矿废石的淋溶过程按淋出液p H变化规律可分为4个阶段,分析各阶段主要反应为:碱性矿物溶解和H+与基本阳离子交换作用、硫铁矿等还原性矿物氧化产酸作用、硅酸盐矿物的风化作用和金属元素的吸附沉淀作用。A large amount of stone coal waste rocks were produced during mining process. The piled-up waste rock caused serious heavy metal pollution to the surrounding environment. In this paper, static leaching experiments were performed for detecting the heavy metal ion release rule of vanadium waste rocks in Hubei Province under different granularities. The results showed that the leaching in- tensity of V, Pb, Cd, Cr, As decreased with the increase of granularity. The highest leaching concentrations of heavy metals V, Pb, Cd, Cr, As were 7695.00, 1266.00, 19.10, 777.70, 163. l0 p,g.kg-~, respectively, and leaching rates were 0.23%, 11.71% , 0. 18%, 0.12%, 1.00%, respectively. Otherwise, the leaching liquid pH had great influence on the concentration of heavy metals. Metal ions precipitated on the surface of the waste when leaching liquid pH increased. Then the concentration of the heavy metals de- creased and pollution degree of environmental decreased. According to the change law of leaching liquid pH, the leaching process was divided into 4 stages ： alkaline mineral dissolution and H ＋ exchanging with base cation period, oxidation and acid production of pyrite and other reducing minerals period, silicate minerals weathering period and adsorption precipitation of metals period.

关 键 词：石煤钒矿 废石 粒度 重金属 淋溶规律 

分 类 号：X753[环境科学与工程—环境工程]