旅游产业融合、新业态与非正规就业增长:一个基于经验与概念模型的实证分析  

The Convergence of Tourism Industries, New Tourism Formats and the Growth of Informal Employment: A Positive Analysis Based on Industries Experience and Conceptual Model

作　　者：郭为[1] 秦宇[2] 黄卫东[3] 余琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛大学旅游与地理科学学院旅游与会展管理系,山东青岛266071 [2]北京第二外国语学院酒店管理学院,北京100024 [3]青岛大学图书馆,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2017年第6期14-27,共14页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家社科基金"旅游产业融合中的就业模式变迁研究"(15BGL111)资助~~

摘　　要：旅游新业态是产品形态、组织形态和经营形态的融合。旅游产业融合催生了旅游新业态。旅游新业态是旅游非正规就业增长的源泉。文章实地调研了以新业态形式运作的酒店、旅行社和景点景区,发现旅游非正规就业在不同行业中普遍存在。为了验证这个假说,向前述三类不同的旅游企业发放了300份问卷,利用问卷形成的构念构建了一个经验模型,通过这个模型发现,旅游产业融合通过产品形态、组织形态和经营形态影响非正规就业。文章的核心观点有三个:第一,旅游产业融合催生了新业态,旅游新业态可以通过非正规就业带动就业总量增长。第二,旅游产品形态、组织形态各自单独并不影响非正规就业,它通过与经济景气度和企业成本交互作用对非正规就业产生影响。旅游经营形态既独立影响非正规就业,同时也和经济环境和企业成本交互作用影响非正规就业。第三,经营形态是旅游非正规就业的核心,在任何情况下,它都在5%水平上显著影响非正规就业。因此,在经济结构调整时期,政府部门应该重视旅游领域出现的各种新业态,新业态可能会改变就业模式。The convergence of tourism industries results in the occurrence of the new tourism businesses which were developed through configurations of products, organizations and operations. Informal tourism employment opportunities emerge from those new tourism businesses formats. The paper investigated hotels, travel agencies and attraction sites in new tourism businesses and found the informal tourism employment massively exists in those organizations. In order to explore these phenomena, we sent 300 questionnaires to three categories of tourism enterprises and constructed an empirical model based on the survey. Taking advantage of the model, we found that the convergence of tourism industries have produced effects on informal tourism employment through the configurations of products, organizations and operations of the enterprises. The main findings are the following three, first, the convergence of tourism industries create the new tourism businesses formats which advanced the tourism employment growth through increasing informal employment. Secondly, the effect of configurations of product and organizations on informal tourism employment was realized through combination with macro-economic climate and production costs of enterprises rather than influencing the employment alone. The configurations of operation of enterprises influenced informal tourism employment in two ways： either by itself alone or by combination with macro-economic climate and producing costs. Thirdly, the effects of configurations of operations were the main effects which cause the change of informal tourism employment significantly. The findings have three implications. Firstly, in the viewpoint of macro economy, the new tourism businesses formats increased tourism employment marginally and acted as the origin of informal tourism employment, which may be an effective way to lessen the unemployment in the period of supply-side reform. Therefore the local governments should pay more attention on them rather than limit their employment potenti

关 键 词：旅游 新业态 非正规就业 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济] F592[经济管理—国民经济]