2006-2016年西安市学校水痘暴发疫情及应急处置效果分析  

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics and control measures for varicella outbreaks at schools in Xi'an city from 2006 to 2016

作　　者：张辉[1] 寇玲玲[1] 谢龙[1] 刘南[1] 李江博[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安市疾病预防控制中心传染病控制科,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2017年第12期2276-2278,2304,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析西安市2006-2016年学校水痘暴发疫情的流行病学特征及应急处置效果,为今后的疫情防控提供参考。方法在《突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统》中搜集并整理该市2006-2016年报告的学校水痘暴发疫情资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果共报告水痘暴发疫情17起,涉及病例586例,波及人数22 332人,无死亡病例。其中"未分级"疫情14起535例,"一般"级别3起51例。暴发疫情呈双峰分布,主峰在5-6月(共8起),次峰在10-11月(共5起)。农村学校2006-2012年暴发疫情数高于城镇学校,2013-2016年则低于城镇学校。小学共暴发16起水痘疫情,占94.12%(16/17)。从首例发病到接到信息报告的时间中位数为16 d,疫情持续的时间中位数为28 d,疫情报告时间与持续时间正相关(r_s=0.816,P<0.05)。结论水痘暴发疫情的高危场所主要是小学,且有从农村向城镇转移的趋势。在其流行季节更要加强学校的疫情监测和防控。及早报告和有效的应急处置有助于疫情的及时控制。Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and emergency controleffects of varicella outbreaksat schools in Xi＇an city, then to provide scientific basis for prevention and control strategies.Methods The data of varicella outbreaks at schools from National Public Health Emergency Reporting System was collectedfrom 2006 to 2016. These data was analyzed by means of descriptive epidemiology method. Results A total of 17 school withvaricella outbreaks and 586 cases rippled across 22 332 people with no deaths were reported accumulatively in Xi＇an cityfrom 2006 to 2016. There were 14 unrated events with 535 cases and three normal events with 51 cases of varicellaoutbreaks at schools. The outbreaks had a double peak period and usually occurred from May to June （eight varicellaoutbreaks, accounted for 47.06%） and from October to November （five varicella outbreaks, accounted for 29.41%）. Moreover,the varicella outbreaks in rural schools were evidently more than those in urban schools from 2006 to 2012, whereastheoutbreaks from 2013 to 2016 were quite the contrary. There were 16 varicella outbreaks （accounted for 94.12%） happened inprimary schools. The medians of report and duration were 16 and 28 days, respectively. And the two were positivelycorrelated （rs=0.816, P 〈0.05）. Conclusion Primary schools were the high-risk places where varicella outbreaks usuallyhappen. And the sites of varicella outbreaks were transferring from rural schools to urban schools. It is necessary tostrengthen the surveillance and other infection-control measures in peak seasons of varieella outbreaks. Making the earlyreporting and effective response are conducive to control varicella outbreaks timely.

关 键 词：水痘 暴发疫情 流行病学分析 应急处置 学生保健服务 

分 类 号：R183.3[医药卫生—流行病学]