大豆日光温室加代应用研究初报  

A Preliminary Study on Soybean Advancing Generation Breeding by Daylighting Greenhouse

作　　者：李志辉 傅豪 靳巧玲 段红光 戴晋 吴鹤敏 

机构地区：[1]漯河市农业科学院,河南漯河462300 [2]漯河市郾城区气象局,河南漯河462000

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2017年第2期88-91,95,共5页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：利用日光温室进行大豆早春加代,种子当年收获后夏季露地播种,可以加快大豆育种进程。分析了3~6月日光温室内光照和温度的变化特点;以不同熟性的2个大豆品种大黑豆(晚熟)和漯豆C3(早熟)为试材,在利用自然光热资源的大型日光温室内,设3月2日、10日、18日、24日和31日5个播期处理,以6月13日夏播为对照,比较了不同播期处理早、晚熟大豆品种的生育期以及加代种子当年播种的出苗情况。结果表明:早春外界温度较低,温室内小环境受温室外大环境的影响表现为空气湿度大,可以采取通风散热、遮阳、补光等措施调节温室内的温度和光照,满足大豆植株的生长。温室春播加代,2个大豆品种出苗所需天数均较夏播长,其中,晚熟品种大黑豆的苗期较夏播缩短,而早熟品种漯豆C3的苗期较夏播延长。3月2日播种处理早熟品种漯豆C3观察到终花,其他播期均一直有花;大黑豆各播期处理均未见终花期。漯豆C3不同播期处理所收获籽粒的出苗率均在72%以上;大黑豆仅前3期播种能收获种子,其加代种子出苗率在20%左右,而后2个播期处理均未收获到有效籽粒。不同大豆育种材料温室加代时,应采取早期人工加温、遮阳、补光、提早播种等措施,以创造适宜大豆加代植株生长的环境条件,增加加代种子量,提高出苗率,提高加代成效。Soybean generation-adding in early spring by daylighting greenhouse and sowing in summer after harvest can accelerate the process of soybean breeding. The characteristics of light and temperature change in sunlight greenhouse from March to June were analyzed, with the late maturing soybean variety black soybean and early maturing variety Luodou C3 as the materials, and five sowing date treatments including March 2, March 10, March 18, March 24 and March 31 were conducted with June 13 as a control in daylighting greenhouse using natural light and heat resources, the growth period of the early and late maturing soybean varieties and the emergence of the additional seeds in the same high humidity in the greenhouse air, the measures year were compared. The results showed that because of the such as ventilation cooling, shading, supplementary illumina- tion could be taken to regulate greenhouse temperature and light and meet the growth of soybean plants. The number of days required for the emergence of 2 soybean varieties spring sowing in greenhouse was longer than that in summer, the seedlings of late maturing varieties black soybean was shorter than that in summer, and that of early maturing varieties Luodou C3 was longer. Luodou C3 sowed on March 2 observed the end of flow- ering, other sowing dates always have flowers, but there was no final flowering period in the treatments of black soybean. The seedling germination rate of grain harvested at different sowing dates of Luodou C3 was above 72%, the first 3 sowing date of black soybean can harvest seeds, the generation-adding seed germina-tion rate was about 20%, and there was no effective grain harvested in the late 2 sowing dates. So the measures such as ventilation cooling, shading, supplementary illumination could be taken to create suit-able growth conditions for soybean plants, increase seed yield, improve the seedling emergence rate and the effectiveness of generation-adding.

关 键 词：大豆 日光温室 加速世代 植株性状 生育期 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]