桥梁事故的统计特征分析及安全风险防控原则  

The Statistical Characteristics Analysis of Bridge Accidents and Prevention Principle of Security Risk

作　　者：赵少杰[1] 唐细彪 任伟新[3] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学,长沙410075 [2]中铁大桥局集团武汉桥科院有限公司,武汉430034 [3]合肥工业大学,合肥230009

出　　处：《铁道工程学报》2017年第5期59-64,共6页Journal of Railway Engineering Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金:空间多点地震激励下桥梁结构非线性碰撞机理及减震研究(51278163)

摘　　要：研究目的:近年来,桥梁坍塌事故屡有发生。为充分认识这些事故背后共同的力学机理和坍塌原因,以便能在桥梁建设运营的各环节有针对性地做好安全风险防控,降低桥梁坍塌事故率,故开展本研究。研究结论:(1)通过对大量桥梁坍塌破坏事故的统计分析,获得了各类桥型、各种破坏原因下桥梁事故的统计分布特征,结果显示:刚构桥的综合安全性最好,而拱桥相对最差;施工自身因素是造成施工期桥梁坍塌破坏的主因,而运营期桥梁破坏多是车辆超载等车船因素造成的;(2)结合力学理论,在技术层面对桥梁破坏事故的共性原因进行了分析总结,得出:桥梁坍塌破坏是结构抗力和外部作用这对矛盾在发展中外因占据了主导地位后的结果;(3)探讨了桥梁在设计、施工等环节中应该注意的安全风险防控原则,并给出了相关建议;(4)本研究成果可为桥梁在设计、施工及运营维护阶段的安全风险防控工作提供指导和参考。Research purposes： In recent years, the bridge collapse accidents have repeatedly happened. For fully recognizing the common mechanical mechanism and destruction causes behind of these accidents, so as to do well prevention and control work of security risk contrapuntally in bridge design, construction and maintenance stages, and to reduce accident rate of bridge collapse, the study was carried out. Research conclusions： （ 1 ） By analyzing many collapse accidents of bridges, the statistical characteristics of all kinds of bridges and all kinds of destruction causes for bridge accidents were obtained. The results showed that the general safety of rigid frame bridge is the best and the arch bridge＇s is the poorest correspondingly; the self- factors of construction is the main cause of bridge collapse in construction period, and the factors of vehicle and ship as vehicle overload is the main cause of bridge collapse in operation period. （2） By using mechanics method, the analysis and summary of common causes for collapse accidents were made on technological aspect. Then the cause of bridge collapse was put forward, and this is because that the external cause occupied the leading position in the contradiction of structural resistance and external force. （3）The prevention principle of security risk of bridges in design and construction stages is discussed and proposed, and the relevant suggestions in bridge design, construction and operation stages are also given. （4）The results can provide guidance and reference for the control work of security risk in bridge design, construction and operation maiutenance.

关 键 词：桥梁工程 防控原则 统计分析 破坏坍塌事故 力学机理 安全风险 

分 类 号：U447[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]