生活污水的臭氧深度处理及其急性毒性  

Ozonation of domestic wastewater and acute toxicity

作　　者：张松[1,2] 李菲菲[3] 史晨[3] 胡翔[1] 朱小彪[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学化学工程学院,北京100029 [2]城市雨水系统与水环境省部共建教育部重点实验室北京建筑大学,北京100044 [3]清华大学环境学院,北京100084

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2017年第6期3468-3474,共7页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51308319);廊坊市科学技术研究与发展计划项目(2014013003B-2);城市雨水系统与水环境教育部重点实验室开放课题资助项目

摘　　要：以生活污水处理厂二级生物处理出水为研究对象,利用固相萃取、吸附树脂层析等手段,研究了臭氧氧化过程中进出水及不同分级组分的发光细菌急性毒性的变化,揭示了无机离子浓度对臭氧氧化出水急性毒性的影响,并采用三维荧光光谱对急性毒性相关的物质组分进行了解析。结果表明,在反应时间为15 min,臭氧投加速率为2.1 mg·(L·min)-1,臭氧氧化出水的急性毒性明显下降,出水的急性毒性仅为进水的24.7%。水样不同分级组分的生物毒性测试结果显示,生物处理出水中的亲水性物质和疏水中性物质分别贡献了44.6%和27.8%的毒性当量。当生物处理出水的氯离子含量为75~400 mg·L^(-1)时,经臭氧氧化后,出水的急性生物毒性与氯离子浓度成正相关关系,当生物处理出水的硫酸根离子和硝酸根离子含量分别在150~300 mg·L^(-1)和20~110 mg·L^(-1)变化时,经臭氧氧化后,出水的急性生物毒性变化不大,结合三维荧光光谱的分析结果,臭氧氧化出水中急性毒性物质可能主要存在于芳香族蛋白质类似物(Ⅱ区)和类腐殖酸类物质(Ⅴ区)中。In this study, the acute toxicity and chemical compositions were assessed simultaneously during the ozonation of the secondary effluent from a sewage treatment plant. A luminescent inhibition test was employed to evaluate the acute toxicity, and the samples were fractionated by solid-phase extraction （SPE） and adsorption resin separation before fluorescence spectroscopy was applied to characterize the main components of the wastewater. The acute toxicity of the effluent after ozonation was determined at different initial inorganic ion con- centrations, and the chemical compositions of the wastewater were measured using emission-excitation matrix （EEM） fluorescence spectroscopy. The results showed that the acute toxicity was reduced greatly by the ozona- tion, and the toxicity in the final effluent was only 24.7% of that before the ozone treatment. The toxicity test of different components of the wastewater showed that the hydrophilic and hydrophobic neutral substance compo- nents in the wastewater contributed to 44.6% and 27.8% of the total acute toxicity, respectively. When the con- centration of chloride increased from 75 mg ·L-1 to 400 mg · L-1, the acute toxicity increased as well, after the ozone oxidation. When the concentration of sulfate ions varied from 150 mg · L-1to 300 mg· L-1 and the con- centration of nitrate ions varied from 20 mg ·L-1 to 110 mg ·L-1, the acute toxicity barely changed, after the o- zone oxidation. Based on the results of the EEM analysis, the aromatic protein-like substances （region II ） and humic-like substances （region V ） might be the key toxic components in the treated water.

关 键 词：生活污水 急性毒性 吸附树脂 三维荧光光谱 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]