三峡库区循环农业生态系统构建及控氮减磷效果验证试验  

The Construction of a Circular Agriculture Ecosystem in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and a Verifying Experiment about the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Reduction Effect

作　　者：熊伟 孔文斌 冯洋 杨灿芳 王飞 程渝[3] 王波 倪九派[5] 谢德体[5] 

机构地区：[1]重庆市农业技术推广总站,重庆401121 [2]农业部生态农业与资源保护总站,北京100125 [3]重庆市农业委员会,重庆401121 [4]重庆市水产技术推广站,重庆400020 [5]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第6期10-20,共11页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家引导类科技计划及专项(2014GXS4D144);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAK04A14);农业部"现代生态农业基地技术试验示范"项目(2110402-9);重庆市科技集成示范项目(cstc2013jcsf80017);重庆市现代特色效益农业产业技术体系项目(2015-04)

摘　　要：三峡工程建设对农业持续发展、移民安稳致富、生态环境保护等带来了重大影响.为减轻和避免三峡工程对库区生态环境、农业生产和国家战略性淡水资源产生的负面影响,将三峡环库屏障区、消落区和水域区作为整体,实施以屏障区柑橘、消落区耐淹牧草、水域区天然鱼场为重点的环库特色产业带建设工程,构建三峡库区循环农业生态系统,依托特色生态农业带阻控面源污染.实证证明,应用柑橘营养诊断配方施肥技术,果园营养元素利用率显著提高,果园出口端径流可达到地表Ⅱ-Ⅲ类水质标准;消落区耐淹草场底端的入库径流NH_4^+-N未检出,NO_3^--N较果园径流降低1.5%,可溶性总磷减少48.6%;水域区实施鱼类增殖放流工程,觅食绿藻浮萍等,固定富集水域中的氮磷.项目通过农业生产-产品销售途径,将富集的氮磷大量移出库区.扭转了三峡库区生态环境退化、农业萎缩和环境污染加剧的势头,保护了国家淡水资源库安全,可为同类地区修复退化生态系统、发展循环生态农业提供借鉴.The construction of the Three Gorges Project has seriously influenced the sustainable development of agriculture, the prosperity and stability of migrants and environment protection in the reservoir area. Therefore, in order to reduce these negative effects brought by the Three Gorges Project on the ecological environment, agricultural production and the national strategic freshwater resources, this research considered the barrier area, the riparian zone and the water area around the Three Gorges Reservoir as an entirety, established an agricultural industry belt with the citrus orchards on the reservoir bank as the barrier belt of sediment and livestock waste carried by the surface runoff, the submergence tolerant forage grass meadow on the riparian zone as the absorption and fixation area of soluble nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P）, and the natural fish farm for restocked fish resources in the water area as the removal method of the N and P concentrated on fish. （According to these three functional parts, we built 4 recyclable chains , i.e. livestock-biogas slurry-citrus-citrus meal-feed, livestock-biogas slurry-citrus-forage grass, and citrus-citrus meal-organic fertilizer, to make recycling of the agricultural waste and reduce the water pollution in the reservoir area.） The main results of our research were as follows： The nutrition diagnosis-based formula fertilization technique obviously increased the utilization rate of N and P from the fertilizer： in 2014, calcu- lated with the fertilizer dosage and the fruit absorption, the N and P utilization rate of citrus orchards in Wushan and Changshou were 83.27% and 93.33%, respectively, and due to the high fertilizer utilization rate with the cut off ditches, sand stabilizing trenches and rainwater runoff buffering ponds, the exiting water quality could satisfy the Chinese Surface Water Quality Standard, Level Ⅱ or Ⅲ. The submergence tolerant forage grass planted on the riparian area absorbed the soluble N and P efficiently： The result of wat

关 键 词：三峡库区 柑橘 面源污染 生态农业 循环农业 农业生态系统 

分 类 号：S181.6[农业科学—农业基础科学]