大汶口文化居民枕部变形研究  

Occipital Deformity of the Habitants of Dawenkou Culture

作　　者：赵永生[1] 曾雯[1] 魏成敏[2] 张馨月[3] 吕凯[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学历史文化学院,山东济南250100 [2]山东省文物考古研究所,山东济南250012 [3]浙江省文物考古研究所,浙江杭州310014

出　　处：《东南文化》2017年第3期64-72,共9页Southeast Culture

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目(14CKG002;15CKG013);中国博士后科学基金(2015T80702);国家自然科学基金(41303004)资助

摘　　要：枕部变形主要表现为头骨后部的不自然扁平化,自顶骨顶孔区开始向后下转折一直延续到枕外隆突处,使两侧顶骨后部和枕骨上部形成一个几与法兰克福平面相垂直的平坦面。古代遗址中以大汶口文化居民最为流行枕部变形,俨然成为其重要的风俗习惯,此变形方式应为刻意保持婴儿仰睡在硬质枕具上,从而形成枕部扁平,应为有意识的行为,不过其最开始的起源也许并不是有意识的,可能是偶然形成,因其符合大汶口文化居民的审美从而得以流传下来。满族的睡扁头亦是针对枕部的变形,与大汶口文化居民的情况相似,不过因时代断层以及枕部变形方式较简单等因素,两者应是各自起源,并无直接传承关系。The occipital deformity mainly refers to the unnatural flattening of the posterior skull occur- ring from parietal foramina down to the occipital bun, forming a plane vertical to the Frankfort Horizontal by the back part of the parietal bone and the upper part of the occipital bone. Among all the ancient sites, habi- tants of Dawenkou were seen of the most cases of occipital deformity, which apparently had been an impor- tant custom of their culture. It is believed that this deformity was adeliberation by keeping infants lying down on hard head rests. It might not be an on-purpose action from the beginning, but was kept as a custom due to its conformity with the aesthetics of the Dawenkou Culture. The tradition of using flattened head rests of the Manchu people is also an occipital deformation custom similar to that of Dawcnkou. However due to the dis- continuity in times and the deformation method being rather simpler, the occipital deformity of the Manchu people is believed not to have shared the origin with Dawenkou people; no direct connection is found be- tween.

关 键 词：枕部变形 大汶口文化 傅家遗址 

分 类 号：K871.13[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]