天津市农村分散式供水健康风险评价  

Health risk assessment on decentralized water supply in rural area of Tianjin

作　　者：张磊[1] 王睿[1] 刘忠慧[1] 赵亮[1] 冯宝佳[1] 符刚[1] 侯常春[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市疾病预防控制中心环境与健康室,天津300011

出　　处：《职业与健康》2017年第8期1106-1109,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：天津市卫生计生委科技基金(2014KY22)

摘　　要：目的了解天津市农村地区分散式供水水质卫生基本状况,初步探讨其健康风险水平。方法抽取天津市农村地区80个分散式供水点,按照GB 5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》小型集中式供水测定相关水质指标,参照美国国家环保局推荐的方案建立水环境污染健康风险评价模型,评估其所引起的健康风险。结果调查的160份水样的总合格率为29.4%,大肠菌群合格率最低;健康风险评估显示致癌砷的健康风险范围为3.86×10^(-5)~7.72×10^(-4),以中位数计为1.54×10^(-4);非致癌的健康风险范围为0.25~17.81,以中位数计为1.41,主要健康风险指标是细菌指标、氟化物和硝酸盐。结论农村地区分散式供水微生物指标超标严重,存在一定的健康风险。[Objective] To evaluate the basic situation of rural decentralized water quality in rural area of Tianjin,aecess its health risk. IMethods] 80 decentralized water supply points were randomly selected from rural area of Tianjin,the water quality was determined according to the Drinking water sanitary standard （GB 5749-2006） and water environment health risk assessment model was established in accordance with the recommendations of US Environmental Protection Agency to access its health risk. [ Results ] 160 samples were surveyed and the total qualified rate was 29.4%. The qualified rate of Coliform group was the lowest. Health risk assessment showed that health risk range for carcinogenic arsenic was 3.86×10^-5-7.72×10^-4,with median of 1.54×10^-4, and the health risk range for non-carcinogens was 0.25-17.81 with median of 1.41. Major health risk indexes were bacterial index, fluoride and nitrate. [Conclusion] The microbial indexes in decentralized water supply of rural area seriously exceed the standards, and there are some health risks.

关 键 词：农村地区 饮用水 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：R123.9[医药卫生—环境卫生学]