基于流向跟踪和多重赋权的引黄灌区用水效率评价  

Evaluation of water use efficiency in Yellow River Irrigation Area based on flow-tracing and layered-weight method

作　　者：冯峰[1,2] 倪广恒[3] 孟玉清 

机构地区：[1]黄河水利职业技术学院,开封475004 [2]小流域水利高校工程技术研究中心,开封475004 [3]清华大学水利水电工程系,北京100084 [4]河南省豫东水利工程管理局三义寨分局,开封475300

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2017年第10期145-153,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U1304503);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(17A570007);开封市2016年科技攻关计划项目(1602019)

摘　　要：针对引黄灌区灌溉用水效率的综合评价问题,利用灌溉用水流向跟踪法,构建了由19个确定性指标、3个子系统组成的开放型评价指标体系,按照多重赋权理念,确定了在多层次模糊评价体系中的各个层采用多种赋权方法。在指标体系的第1层(输入层),通过计算指标数据所携带的熵值对其赋予数学权重;在第2层(准则层),采用熵值权重法、等权重法和经验赋权法等对3个子系统进行多重赋权,获得和比较不同权重对评价结果的影响。选择三义寨引黄灌区为研究实例,对2005—2014年共计10 a的灌溉用水效率进行综合评价,经过赋权计算,第1种熵值权向量为(0.307,0.348,0.345),第2种等权向量为(0.333,0.333,0.334),第3种主观权向量为(0.400,0.200,0.400)3种不同权重的评价结果呈现出整体趋势和走向基本一致,权重对于评价结果的影响非常有限。根据多重赋权的评价结果,2013年均为10 a中灌溉用水效率的最优年份,评价等级为优,综合评价平均值为0.993。此评价结果与三义寨引黄灌区的实际情况相符,2013年在降雨量和地下水相对较少的情况下,灌溉实际引水量和实际灌溉面积都保持了较高水平,保证了灌溉的效果,也确保了灌区作物的丰收。根据第二层的评价值可以清晰地看到工程因素和管理因素两个子系统的动态变化过程,2007年之前都处于较低发展水平,2009年之后进入稳步发展阶段,从而查找到灌溉用水过程中存在的问题和薄弱的环节,为下一步引黄灌区的科学规划和可持续发展提供数据基础和技术支撑。There is an obvious gap between China＇s current irrigation water use efficiency and the world＇s advanced level for that of China is only 0.50, whereas that of world＇s advanced level reaches 0.7-0.8. Therefore, saving water resources, improving agricultural irrigation water efficiency, and ensuring the irrigation efficiency will be a long-term strategic task in the future of China. The purpose of this paper was to make a comprehensive evaluation for water use efficiency of Yellow River irrigation area based on flow-tracing and multiple weights method. In order to make a good comprehensive evaluation for water using efficiency, an open index-evaluation system including 19 deterministic index and 3 sub-systems based on irrigation flow-tracing method. Then, the improved fuzzy evaluation model was constructed based on multiple layer-weight determination method by making use of multi-objective and multi-level system. In the first layer （input layer）, the index weight was confirmed by calculating entropy-weight-vector, and in the second layer （criterion layer）, the sub-system weight was confirmed by the entropy- weight-vector method, equal-weight method and experience weight method, respectively for multi-layer weights. Finally, obtaining data and comparing different weights from the evaluation results was carried out by the fuzzy evaluation model. The paper took Sanyizhai Irrigation Area in lower reaches of the Yellow River as a case study. Sanyizhai Irrigation Area is located in the eastern plain of Henan Province （34°52？N, 144°44？E）, north of the Yellow River. Sanyizhai Irrigation Area was founded in 1958, and it involves 18 counties scattered in Kaifeng, Shangqiu and Heze in Henan Province, and Shandong Provinces as well. Up to now, the water-diverting capacity of Sanyizhai Irrigation Area is about 150 m3/s, and irrigation area covers 9 counties（districts） mainly in the eastern part of Henan province, that is： Kaifeng, Lankao and Qi counties of Kaifeng City, Minquan County, Ningling Cou

关 键 词：灌溉 水资源 降雨 用水效率 流向跟踪 多重赋权 改进模糊模型 三义寨灌区 

分 类 号：S274.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]