汉语动词拷贝结构的线性生成与动态解析  

The Generation and Parsing of Verb Copying Construction in Chinese

作　　者：杨小龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江财经大学外国语学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《语言科学》2017年第3期286-294,共9页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(15CYY035);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(16YJC740089)的阶段研究成果

摘　　要：汉语动词拷贝结构主要以VOVC的形式出现,从语义上可分为"宾语指向"和"主语指向"。在生成语法理论框架下,Cheng(2007)提出两类拷贝句分别经由标准(standard)移位和侧向(sideward)移位生成;在侧向移位过程中,动词发生作格变化。文章指出,有关动词拷贝句的移位生成说缺乏一定的实证基础。文章通过历时考察,运用动态句法理论阐释了现代汉语动词拷贝结构线性演化的语义动因。在此基础上,文章对不同历史时期与动词拷贝句相关的语法结构进行动态解析,结果表明:1)动词拷贝结构里只有VO先出现,VC的表述才有意义;2)无论是宾语指向还是主语指向的致使类或非致使类拷贝结构,动词在语义解读过程中并没有发生作格变化。Chinese verb classified into two types： the copying construction, mainly featuring the form of VOVC, can be semantically object-oriented type and the subject-oriented type. Cheng （2007） proposes a generative analysis, claiming that the two types of verb copying construction are derived from standard movement and sideward movement, respectively and that non-ergative verbs turn into ergative verbs through the sideward movement. In this paper, we argue that Cheng＇ s movement hypothesis lacks the empirical ground. Based on solid diachronic evidence, we investigate the evolutionary semantic motivation of verb copying con- struction in Chinese. Within the framework of Dynamic Syntax, we then present a parsing-based analysis of Chinese verb copying construction and other relevant constructions in different historical periods, showing that 1 ） VO constitutes the semantic basis for VC, which justifies the linearity of verb copying construction; 2 ） verbs in verb copying construction do not experience any change process to ergativity.

关 键 词：动词拷贝结构 移位 线性序列 动态句法 作格动词 

分 类 号：H146.2[语言文字—汉语]