石洞侗语汉借词历史层次分析  

An Analysis of the Chronological Strata of Chinese Loanwords in Shidong Kam Language in Shidong Area

作　　者：毕谦琦[1] 王艳红[2] 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学人文学院,上海201620 [2]嘉兴学院文法学院,浙江嘉兴314001

出　　处：《语言科学》2017年第3期307-318,共12页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(15YJC740088)资助

摘　　要：石洞侗语汉借词可以划分为现代、中古、上古三个层次。现代汉借词借自当地汉语方言西南官话,借词声调与当地方言声调调值相似,存在用两个调类对应汉语一个调类的现象。声母送气不送气自由变读。中古汉借词声调与中古汉语四声八调严格对应。声母方面,用不送气音借用汉语的送气音,用擦音借用汉语的塞擦音,用清声母借用汉语的浊声母,但调类保持阳调。韵母方面,部分麻韵二等字,石洞侗语用e来借,可能是中古麻佳韵合流的表现。上古汉借词声调与汉语无明显对应关系,有些借词有复辅音的痕迹。There are three strata of Chinese loanwords in Shidong Kam： Modern Chinese loanwords, Middle Chinese loanwords and Archaic Chinese loanwords. Modern loanwords are borrowed from Southwest Mandarin, the tonal values of which are similar to the local Chinese variants. In these loanwords, one tone can represent to two tones in Chinese. These loanwords have free readings between their aspirated and unaspirated initials. MC loanwords correspond strictly to the MC tonal patterns. The unaspirated initials of these words correspond to the aspirated ones in Chinese and the fricatives correspond to the affricates in Chinese. The voiced initials are devoiced when borrowed into Kam but they retain the same even tonal categories. Loanwords from AC have no apparent tonal correspondence to Chinese. Consonant clusters are found in some of these loanwords. Shidong Kam presents the second-class of the Chinese ma （麻） rhyme with the [ e ] sound, which may reflect the mergence of the ma （麻） and jia （佳） in MC.

关 键 词：石洞侗语 汉借词 历史层次 

分 类 号：H272[语言文字—少数民族语言]