试论俄籍汉语古音学家斯塔罗思京的古音学  

On the Learning of Pronunciation of Classical Chinese Worked by Russian Scholar C.A.Staroskin

作　　者：李开[1] 

机构地区：[1]澳门科技大学

出　　处：《语言科学》2017年第3期325-336,共12页Linguistic Sciences

摘　　要：斯氏构拟出中古声纽8类38纽,可与王力《汉语史稿》5类35纽作对照。上古汉语晚期声母的构拟从原始闽语声母切入,重建了两者的"共同汉语"声母系统共56个声母。上古汉语早期声母的构拟以谐声系统为依据,有关上古声母的喉部特征、上古8个唇音声母、舌尖声母的部位特征等都作了详细研究,但消解了复声母。中古汉语韵母的构拟列出了58韵类开口、合口独韵的朝、日、越语对照表,十分可贵。在研究上古介音系统和长短音对立、尾辅音和声调、塞尾音、响尾音的基础上,分上古韵57部,这是个以上古用韵为据,尤重中上古接口的音位系统,故分部细密,与黄侃、王力分部很不一样。斯氏将上古汉语语音史研究纳入了微观视野,竟将上古语音变化分为六个时期。Mr. Sta reconstructed an initial of a syllable of the middle ancient Chinese. 8 categories and 38 elements. We can check it against 5 categories and 35 elements of the book Chinese Historical Treatise worked by Mr. WangLi. The reconstruction of initial of a Chinese syllable during late period of remote ages had been penetrated from an original Min dialect. Mr. Sta reconstructed an initial system of an original common Chinese between Chinese of late period of remote ages and an original Min dialect, and it has in all 56 the initials. The initial reconstruction of the period of remote ages should take pictophonetic characters as basis. Yet some characteristics of glottal stop and 8 the initials of labial sound and of position of apical etc. had been received detail research, but consonant cluster had been cleared up. The reconstruction of the middle ancient Chinese＇ s final of syllable made a contrastive list with Korean and Japanese and Vietnam language concerning four classes of syllables containing opening mouth and single handed rhyme of shutting mouth which have 58 rhyme ＇ s categories, and these is all valuable. On the research basis of the medial of a final of remote ages and the contrast of long and short vewel, and of ending of a final and tone of Chinese characters, and of plo- sive ending of a final and sonorant, Mr. Sta divide the rhyme of remote ages into 57 parts . These is a phone- mic system that took rhyme of remote ages and especially interface of rhyme between remote age and middle ancient as foundation, and so the categories are fine and closely woven. It is different from HuangKan＇ s and WangLi＇ s the parts. Mr. Sta made the Chinese phonetic history of remote ages come into microcosmic view, and unexpectedly divided the Chinese phonetic change of remote ages into 6 periods.

关 键 词：古音学说 构拟 古汉语语音 

分 类 号：H111[语言文字—汉语]