类比推理辩护的常识模型困境及其解决策略  

Difficulties of the commonsense model of analogical reasoning and solution strategies

作　　者：任晓明[1] 那顺乌力吉[1] 解丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学哲学院,天津300350

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2017年第3期104-111,共8页Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"现代归纳逻辑的新发展;理论前沿与应用研究"(2015ZDB018)

摘　　要：20世纪60年代玛丽·赫西对类比推理辩护问题进行的探讨逐渐形成常识模型。但这一模型和规则存在难以解决的困难。哲学家巴萨反思常识模型,从而提出自己的模型,为类比进行辩护。但巴萨仅仅将类比论证的问题限定在逻辑的构建之上加以辩护是不恰当的。这样辩护的哲学基础既不充分也不牢靠。类比推理是逻辑与心理交叉研究的模糊地带,需要将其放在更加深刻的逻辑哲学问题背景中,才能看到这一问题的实质。我们不仅需要从逻辑的角度,从技术上做出一个合理的辩护,也需要从哲学上对其背后所隐藏的哲学问题做出系统解答。一种更为合理的辩护策略是:关于类比论证的辩护需要从两方面进行,首先要建立合理的类比论证模型,并为这一模型进行哲学辩护。然后为其背后的逻辑与心理关系问题做出合理的哲学解答,从而支撑所建立的模型。Since the 1960s, Mary Hesse has discussed the problem of justification of analogical reasoning; thus the commonsense model has been gradually formed. But there are many unsolvable difficulties in the model and its rules. After the philosopher Bartha reflected on the commonsense model, he proposed his own model and justification. But it is not appropriate for Bartha to prescribe a limit to the argument by analogy on the basic of logic. The philosophical foundation of such a justification is insufficient and unreliable. Because analogical reasoning is ＂a fuzzy region＂, which is a cross-over study of logic and psychology. So it is necessary to put it in a more profound problem of philosophy of logic so that we can find the substance of this issue. From a logical and technical perspective, we need not only to make a reasonable justification, but also solve the hidden philosophical problems systematically from a philosophical perspeetive. So a more reasonable defense strategy includes the following aspects： To justify the argument by analogy from two respects, firstly we need to construct a reasonable model to justify the argument by analogy, and make a philosophical justification for the model. Then we need to give a reasonable philosophical answer to the hidden problems of logic and psychology so as to support the established model.

关 键 词：类比推理辩护 常识模型 巴萨的模型 心理与逻辑之争 

分 类 号：B81-092[哲学宗教—逻辑学]