融资租赁登记公示制度的建构——以民法典合同编融资租赁合同章的修改为中心  

Establishment of Registration and Publicity of Financial Leasing——Centered on the Revision of the Financial Leasing Chapter of Contract Part in Civil Code

作　　者：高圣平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心,北京100872

出　　处：《河南社会科学》2017年第6期37-44,共8页Henan Social Sciences

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)研究品牌计划基础研究项目(17XNI001)

摘　　要：2017年3月15日,第十二届全国人民代表大会第五次会议通过了《民法总则》,我国迎来了"民法典时代"。在《民法总则》通过后,立法机关正式启动民法典分则的编纂工作,包括物权编、合同编、侵权责任编、婚姻家庭编、继承编等。合同编作为其中的重要一环,涉及民商事交往的方方面面,编纂难度大、面临挑战多。在此背景下,对合同编编纂的相关法律问题进行深入研究,充分发挥专家学者的智慧和力量,为立法机关建言献策,具有重大意义。在本组研究中,谢鸿飞研究员指出了合同编总则编纂面临的两个约束性条件,提出应坚持尊重现行法律秩序、重视民商合一与民商分立、区分普通法与特别法的立法思路,同时认为不宜根本性地改变《合同法》的法律结构,并对合同编总则的一些重要制度提出了相应的完善建议。高圣平教授认为,融资租赁登记公示制度的缺失不利于当事人权利的保护且危及交易安全,建议在我国既有的体系安排之下,采取登记公示出租人所有权的模式,同时就不动产和特殊动产融资租赁辅之以登记公示承租人的租赁权;在制度重构时,应在民法典合同编融资租赁合同章规定普通动产融资租赁登记的对抗效力,不强制当事人登记;在程序设计上,应构建基于互联网的电子化登记系统,由当事人单方自主登记,登记机构仅作形式审查。曹兴权教授指出,《合同法》第四十二条创设的一般性缔约信息主动披露义务规则,虽有助于彰显诚信但也呈现出过度强制而损及交易公平乃至效率之弊。为避免强制信息披露义务制度的失败,民法典应理顺不得虚假陈述与不得故意欺诈的关系,通过一般规定与特别规定、原则与除外等立法技术进行完善,对询问回答及其他替代性程序的引入、行业习惯之于评价信息披露合理性的意义、技术对信息披露义务的特别影响�In this series of research, Researcher Xie Hongfei points out two constraints on thecompilation of Contract General. He proposes that the current legal order should be adhered to, that thecombination and the separation of civil and commercial codes should be given due attention, common lawand special law should be differentiated, and that the legal structure of Contract Law should not befundamentally changed. He also puts forward suggestions for the general principles of the ContractGeneral.Professor Gao Shengping suggests the model of registration and publicity of both the lessor'sownership and the lease of the tenant under the existing system, advocating that the absence of thedisclosure system for financial leasing is harmful to party rights and endangers transaction security. Inreconstructing the system, the confrontation effectiveness of the registration of ordinary movable propertyshould be stipulated in the financial leasing chapter of contract part in civil code. Internet-basedelectronic registration system should be established. Instead of being compulsory, registration is voluntarywith the registration agency conducting formal examination.Professor Cao Xingquan points out that while the rule of obligatory disclosure of general contractinformation stipulated in Article 42 of the Contract Law is helpful in that it highlight integrity, it isexcessively mandatory and consequently harmful to justice and efficiency of transaction. In order to avoidsuch failure, civil code is suppose to straighten out the relationship between no false statements and nointentional fraud, and to be improved by such legislative technology as general provisions and specialprovisions, principles and exclusions, and to respond to issues like inquiry and introduction of otheralternative procedures, the significance of the custom of the Industry in evaluating the rationality ofinformation disclosure and the special impact of technology on information disclosure obligations.

关 键 词：融资租赁合同 公示制度 民法典 修改 发达国家水平 企业融资渠道 经济稳定增长 融资租赁交易 

分 类 号：F726.2[经济管理—产业经济]