沼肥与化肥配施对不同质地棉田土壤理化性状和酶活性的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Biogas Manure and Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Physical-Chemical Properties and Enzyme Activities in Different Texture Soil of Cotton

作　　者：张世民[1] 朱友娟[2] 张宏勇[3] 罗新宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]阿克苏职业技术学院植物科学系,新疆阿克苏843000 [3]中国人民解放军新疆军区麦盖提基地,新疆麦盖提县844600

出　　处：《塔里木大学学报》2017年第2期75-81,共7页Journal of Tarim University

基　　金：塔里木大学校长基金博士项目(TDZKBS201201)

摘　　要：为了实现棉花经济施肥和农业废弃物资源化利用,本试验在全生育期等氮量条件下,研究了沼肥与化肥配施对不同质地棉田土壤养分和土壤酶(脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶和磷酸酶)活性的影响。结果表明,施用沼肥能够降低土壤容重,增加土壤有机质,提高碱解氮、速效磷含量。在棉花不同生育时期,不同施肥处理土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶活性均呈先升后降的变化趋势,3种酶活性高峰均出现在花铃期;壤土中花铃期沼肥和沼肥配施化肥处理的脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶平均活性分别比单施尿素处理高16.3%、7.6%、9.7%;砂壤土中沼肥和沼肥配施化肥处理的脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶的平均活性分别比单施尿素处理高13.1%、8.3%、14.8%;而磷酸酶活性则呈折线上升变化,其活性最高值出现在吐絮期。沼肥与化肥合理配施能显著提高土壤酶活性,单施尿素处理效果较差。在实际生产中棉田施肥时只需要基施25%沼肥氮配施75%化学氮肥就能起到改善土壤理化性质,提高土壤生物活性的目的。To achieve economical fertilization and agricultural waste recycling use, the effects of combined application of biogas ma- nure and chemical fertilizer under same N application rate, on soil physical - chemical properties and the activities of urease, protease, eatalase and phosphates in cotton soil were studied in this paper. The result showed that ： applications of biogas manure could increasethe soil organic matter, improve available N and available P. In the different growth stages of cotton, the activities of urease, protease, catalase showed a trend of increasing then decreasing and all reached the peaks at flowering and boiling stage. Compared with chemical fertilizer, the activities of urease, protease, catalase of biogas manure, combined application of biogas manure and chemical fertilizer increased by 16. 3% ,7. 6% and 9. 7% in loam and increased 13. 1% ,8. 3% and 14. 8% in sandy loam were. The activity of phosphates appeared the trend of increasing until got the peak at the boll opening period. Compared with chemical fertilizer, applying combined application of biogas manure and chemical fertilizer could significantly improve the activities of urease,protease, catalase and phosphates in cotton soil. In practice, applying 25% biogas manure N as basal and 75 % chemical N as topdressing could adjust the soil carbon to nitrogen ratio, and consequently improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and soil biological activity.

关 键 词：沼肥 土壤质地 土壤理化性状 酶活性 棉田 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]