水旱轮作模式和灌溉方式对西南地区水稻灌溉用水效率的影响  

The impact of FDD rotation mode and irrigation methods on rice irrigation water efficiency in Southwestern China

作　　者：于伟咏[1] 漆雁斌[1] 韦锋[1] 邓鑫[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学经济学院,成都611130 [2]四川农业大学管理学院,成都611130

出　　处：《资源科学》2017年第6期1127-1136,共10页Resources Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(14XGL003);四川省农村发展研究中心资助项目(CR1624)

摘　　要：水资源短缺是制约中国农业生产安全的主要瓶颈,提高用水效率是节水型社会建设的根本要求,测度不同轮作模式、灌溉方式下的水稻灌溉用水效率,对于合理安排种植结构、选择节水模式、完善灌溉用水政策尤为重要。本文基于西南地区797份水稻种植户的调查数据,构建DEA-Tobit模型,测度和分析农户灌溉用水效率,探讨不同水旱轮作模式、灌溉方式对水稻灌溉用水效率的影响,并对变量中存在的内生性问题进行解决。结果表明:总体上水稻灌溉用水效率平均为0.1378,规模效率平均为0.5498,纯技术效率平均为0.2745,水资源利用改进空间较大;轮作作物经济收益大致与水稻灌溉用水效率呈显著性负相关,轮作方式节水效果与灌溉用水效率呈显著性正相关;水资源禀赋程度将水旱轮作模式对水稻灌溉用水效率的影响系数提高了0.10%,将灌溉方式的影响系数拉低了2.04%。提出因地制宜合理引导和安排"水旱轮作-灌溉方式"组合模式;平原地区强调规模化种植和区域性灌溉,山区注重集约化、精细化灌溉;根据作物生长周期合理安排灌溉用水行为等政策建议。Water is the main bottleneck to agricultural production safety and stable income in China and improving irrigation efficiency is a fundamental requirement of water-saving society construction. Measuring the efficiency of the FDD rotation mode and irrigation informs the reasonable arrangement of planting structure, choice of water savings and improvements in irrigation policy. Here, based on survey data of DEA-Tobit model we measured and analyzed rice planting in southwest China and employing a farmers＇ irrigation efficiency, explored the FDD rotation mode and irrigation method, and solved endogenous problems. The results show that the whole average irrigation efficiency of rice is 0.14, the average scale efficiency is 0.55, the average technical efficiency is 0.27, and the water resource utilization improvement space is larger. The rotation crop economic benefits pattern is negatively correlated with rice irrigation efficiency and the water-saving effect of crop rotation is positively related to these. The degree of water resource endowment can overvalue the influence coefficient of FDD rotation on rice irrigation efficiency by 0.10%, and undervalue the influence coefficient of irrigation method on rice irrigation efficiency by 2.04%. We put forward several suggestions for adjusting and arranging ＂FDD Rotation Mode and Irrigation Methods＂ according to local conditions, emphasize large-scale planting and regional irrigation of plains, intensive and fine irrigation of mountain, and arranging irrigation water according to crop growth cycles.

关 键 词：水旱轮作 灌溉方式 技术效率 内生性问题 DEA—Tobit模型 西南地区 

分 类 号：F323.213[经济管理—产业经济] S511[农业科学—作物学]