基于眼动的景观视觉质量评价——以大学生对宏村旅游景观图片的眼动实验为例  

Landscape visual quality assessment based on eye movement:college student eye-tracking experiments on tourism landscape pictures

作　　者：郭素玲[1] 赵宁曦[1] 张建新[1] 薛婷[1] 刘培学[1] 徐帅[1] 许丹丹[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京210023

出　　处：《资源科学》2017年第6期1137-1147,共11页Resources Science

摘　　要：景观视觉质量评价是旅游资源合理规划和开发的基础,现有评价方法多以主观定性为主,客观定量方法研究较少。本文将眼动分析方法引入景观视觉质量评价中,选择乡村旅游地宏村为研究案例地,通过眼动追踪仪记录大学生被试在观看景观图片时的客观眼动数据,运用美景度和语义变量相结合的方法,计算主观评价下的景观视觉质量,并将客观眼动指标与主观评价下的景观视觉质量进行相关和回归分析。研究结果表明:(1)被试对不同景观具有不同眼动特征,三个眼动指标(注视频率、平均注视时间和眼跳频率)在四类景观上呈现显著差异,注视热点主要集中在景观的主体建筑物、独特的景观元素或景观元素交界处;(2)客观眼动指标注视时间比重、注视频率、平均注视时间及眼跳时间比重与主观调查问卷得出的景观视觉质量具有显著相关性;(3)构建景观视觉质量的眼动评价模型,计算可得宏村四类景观的视觉质量值分别为:聚落景观5.99、生态景观5.98、农业景观5.96、文化景观5.90,模型显示注视频率越大,观看时间越长(注视时间比重越小),则旅游景观视觉质量评价越高。本研究以旅游景观为例,运用实测数据探讨较为客观的评价方式,为景观视觉质量评价提供新思路。Landscape visual quality assessment is the basis of rational planning, development, utilization and protection of tourism resources. Various assessment methods have their own advantages, but many deficiencies. Most existing evaluation methods are subjectively qualitative approaches. Here, we introduce eye-tracking analysis to landscape visual quality assessment using the rural tourism destination Hongcun as a case study. An eyetracker was used to record eye movement data while subjects looked at Hongcun landscape pictures. We combined SBE and SD to obtain the subjective evaluation of landscape visual quality, which were analyzed by correlation and regression analysis with eye movement index data. We found that subjects had different eye movement characteristics in four landscapes types, among which, there were significant differences in fixation frequency, average fixation duration and saccade frequency. The fixation points mainly focused on the main buildings, some prominent elements and the borders of landscape elements. The subjective evaluation of landscape visual quality was significantly correlated with fixation frequency, percentage of fixation duration, average fixation duration and percentage of saccade duration. The eye movement evaluation model of landscape visual quality was built. Visual quality values of four landscape types in Hongcun, settlement, ecology, agriculture and culture, calculated by the model, were 5.99, 5.98, 5.96 and 5.90. The model shows that a higher fixation frequency and a longer watching time （a lower percentage of fixation duration） produce a higher landscape visual quality assessment of tourism landscapes. Our method is a new tool to conduct landscape visual quality assessments.

关 键 词：景观视觉质量 眼动实验 旅游景观 大学生 宏村 

分 类 号：K901.6[历史地理—人文地理学]