不同有机氮效率的甜菜基因型筛选及差异分析  

Screening and Variation Analysis of Soil Organic Nitrogen Efficient in Different Beta vulgaris Genotypes

作　　者：王秋红[1,2] 郭亚宁[1,2] 胡晓航[1,2] 王孝纯[1,2] 邓艳红[1,2] 周建朝[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省普通高校甜菜遗传育种重点实验室/黑龙江大学,哈尔滨150080 [2]黑龙江大学农作物研究院/中国农业科学院甜菜研究所,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《植物研究》2017年第4期563-571,共9页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31371686);国家甜菜现代农业产业技术体系土壤肥料岗位建设项目(CARS-210306);黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究项目(12541623)~~

摘　　要：通过对不同基因型甜菜土壤有机氮利用及吸收效率的筛选和差异分析,为土壤有机氮高效基因型甜菜的栽培及品种选育提供理论依据。2014-2015年选取100份不同基因型的甜菜材料通过室内及田间试验在甜菜的不同发育阶段比较并分析土壤有机氮效率,筛选出对有机氮利用及吸收效率均显著差异的高效和低效基因型甜菜材料。结果表明,初步筛选得到的有机氮高效基因型甜菜材料KWS8138、HI0466和有机氮低效基因型甜菜材料BETA176、T230苗期全株及根部有机氮利用效率(Organic Nitrogen Use Efficiency,ONUE)差异显著;之后通过田间试验对有机氮吸收效率(Organic Nitrogen Assimilation Efficiency,ONAE)做了进一步筛选,发现KWS8138不但对ONUE有显著优势,还具有较高的有机氮素吸收能力,包括苗期之后对土壤有机氮素的运转量较高,合理的根冠比等。有机氮低效基因型甜菜材料BETA176的有机氮素吸收利用能力很弱、氮素转运能力过低等限制了植株对有机氮素的合理利用,不利于有机氮效率的提高。因此确定KWS8138为有机氮高效基因型材料,BETA176为有机氮低效基因型材料,均可作为进一步试验的材料。有机氮高效基因型甜菜较高的土壤有机氮转运量及合理的根冠比促进了其对有机氮素的吸收,是有机氮高效的基础。较高的干物质生产效率反应了甜菜对有机氮素的高效利用,是有机氮高效的关键。We used the screening and variation analysis of soil organic nitrogen use efficiency and assimilation efficiency in different genotypes of sugar beet for the cultivation and breeding of high efficient genotypes of soil organic nitrogen. From 2014 to 2015, by the indoor pot experiment or the field experiment, the genotypes with higher and lower efficiency of soil organic nitrogen were screened from 100 genotypes of sugar beet. In the initial screening experiment, the whole plant and root organic nitrogen use efficiency （ONUE） were significantly different between KWS8138, HI0466 （the genotypes with higher efficient of organic nitrogen in sugar beet） and BETA176, T230（the genotypes with lower efficient of organic nitrogen in sugar beet） at the seedling stage. In the field experiment, the further screening was taken according the organic nitrogen assimilation efficiency（ONAE）. The significant advantage of KWS8138 （ higher use efficiency of organic nitrogen at was found, with higher assimilation capacity of organic nitrogen, including higher translocation seedling amount stage ） of soil organic nitrogen and the reasonable root-shoot ratio after the seedling stage. Because of the lower uptake and use ability of organic nitrogen with BETA176, BETA176 transfer ability of soil organic nitrogen was too low to limit the reasonable utilization of organic nitrogen, which was not conducive to the improvement of the efficiency of organic nitrogen. Therefore, KWS8138 is a highly efficient genotype material of organic nitrogen, and BETA176 is an inefficient genotype of organic nitrogen, which can be used as a material for further experiments. Soil organic nitrogen translocation amount and reasonable root-shoot ratio of higher organic nitrogen efficient genotypes in sugar beet can promote the absorption of organic nitrogen, which is the foundation with the higher efficiency of organic nitrogen. The higher dry matter production efficiency is the key to the efficient utilization of organic nitrogen.

关 键 词：甜菜 有机氮 利用效率 吸收效率 根系 

分 类 号：S435.663[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]