干旱对谷子灌浆期光合生理及生长发育的影响  

Effects of drought on photosynthetic physiology and growth of millet during grain filling

作　　者：袁蕊[1] 郝兴宇[1] 胡晓雪[1] 宗毓铮[1] 李萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第6期396-401,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家973计划课题(2012CB955904);国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD11B03-8);山西省科技攻关计划项目(20150311006-2);国家自然科学基金项目(31601212;31501276);山西农业大学博士引进人才项目(2013YT05)

摘　　要：[目的]开展干旱对谷子影响的研究,了解干旱对谷子影响生理机制,为干旱区谷子生产提供依据。[方法]本试验采用盆栽控水方法研究干旱对谷子光合生理及生长发育的影响。[结果]结果表明,干旱使谷子灌浆期的净光合速率减少了70.50%,气孔导度减少了79.67%,胞间CO2浓度减少了49.04%,蒸腾速率减少了74.62%,但水分利用率增加了50.66%。干旱使谷子灌浆期叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b、类胡萝卜素含量分别减少39.53%、58.67%、46.49%和21.42%,但叶片中还原糖、可溶性糖含量增加了60.13%和64.68%。干旱使谷子总生物量、产量、株高、茎粗、节数、穗重、千粒重均明显减少,但对穗长没有明显影响。[结论]干旱将会降低谷子叶片光合作用,造成产量下降。谷子可以通过减少气孔导度,并提高叶片中可溶性糖含量,改变渗透压,减少水分损失,保证叶片的正常生理功能。[Objective]Studying on the influence of drought on millet and understanding the physiological mechanism of drought, will provide the basis of millet production in arid area. [Method]The effects of drought on photosynthetic physiology and growth of millet were studied by pot water control experiment. [Results] The results showed that drought decreased the net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, intercellularCOz concentration and transpiration rate in millet by 70.50%, 79.67%, 49.04% and 74.62% at grain filling stage, respectively. But the water use efficiency was increased by 50.66%. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a＋ b and carotenoid content were decreased by 39.53%, 58.67%, 46.49% and 21.42%, respectively. Reducing sugar and soluble sugar contents were increased by 60.13% and 64.68%, respectively. The total biomass, yield, plant height, stem diameter, node number, spike weight, grain weight were significantly decreased, but panicle length was not affected. [Conclusion]The drought reduced the photosynthesis capacity, leading to a decreased yield of millet. To keep the normal physiological function under drought, millet reduced the water loss and adjusted osmotic pressure by decreasing stomatal conductance and increasing the soluble sugar content in leaves.

关 键 词：谷子 干旱 光合作用 生长 产量 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]