广西环境镉污染地区人群健康影响评估  

Study on health assessment of environmental cadmium pollution in Guangxi

作　　者：黄林[1] 钟格梅[1] 蒋慧[1] 许露曦 梁林涵[1] 黄江平[1] 黎林[1] 韦日荣[1] 农惠婷[1] 陈康成[1] 黎勇[1] 陈莉[1] 于洋[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心,广西南宁530028

出　　处：《应用预防医学》2017年第3期181-186,共6页Applied Preventive Medicine

基　　金：广西壮族自治区科技开发课题(桂科攻1298004-1);广西医疗卫生重点科研课题(重2012053)

摘　　要：目的建立环境镉污染人群健康影响评估技术,评价环境镉污染区居民健康风险及健康危害水平,为政府制定相关防治对策提供科学依据。方法于2014—2015年,在广西3个重金属污染重点防控区选择污染较严重的4个行政村作为污染区,同时选择3个行政村作为对照区。采集18~75岁常住居民尿液及其家中粮食、蔬菜等食物及饮用水和调查村空气样本,检测样本中镉的含量及尿β_2-MG、NAG,应用点评估方法计算居民环境镉暴露量,评价暴露风险和健康危害水平。结果污染区食物(n=625)中的大米、干豆和蔬菜镉含量中位数分别为0.389 mg/kg、0.216 mg/kg、0.052 mg/kg,均高于对照区;污染区饮用水和空气中的镉含量的中位数分别为0.54μg/L、0.19μg/m^3,也高于对照区。居民环境镉暴露主要来源于膳食摄入(约占99%),每月膳食镉摄入量污染区为61.8μg/kg bw、占PTMI的247.31%,对照区为20.9μg/kg bw、占PTMI的83.41%。污染区居民尿镉负荷(平均值4.58μg/g肌酐、中位数3.46μg/g肌酐)和NAG活性(中位数2.18 U/g肌酐)均高于对照区,但未发现尿镉、尿β_2-MG含量和NAG活性这三项健康危害指标同时达到判定值的个体,即研究地区未出现镉污染所致慢性早期健康危害的个体。结论广西环境镉污染区人群健康危害水平处于相对低的状态,但应持续关注居民尿镉高负荷和大米等食物镉富集对人群健康的影响。Objective To establish a population health impact assessment technology in cadmium polluted area, and to assess the health risk and health hazard level aming provide a scientific basis for government controlling measures. Methods From 2014 to 2015, four villages in an area of heavy metal pollution prevention and control in Guangxi were selected as the polluted study group, and three comparable villages were chosen as the control area.The levele of cadium of urine samples from the residents aged 18-75 years, and the water,food samples in these households as well as the air samples in these villages were tested. β_2-microglobulin(β_2-MG),N-acety1-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) in urine were also tested. The point evaluation method was used to calculate the amount of cadmium exposure in the residential environment and to assess the exposure risk for local residents and health hazard. Results The medians of cadmium level of rice, dried beans, vegetables in polluted area(n= 625)were 0.389 mg/kg, 0.216 mg/kg and 0.052 mg/kg, respectively, which were higher than that of control area.Also,the median cadmium levels in drinking water and air in polluted area were 0.25 μg/L and 0.012 μg/m^3, which were higher than that in the control area respectively.The main source of cadmium intake was food,accounting for 99% of total exposure.Dietary cadmium intake per month was 61.8 μg/kg bw accounting 247.13%of PTMI in polluted group, and 20.8 μg/kg bw acconting83.41% of PTMI in control group. The urinary cadmium level(mean:4.58 μg/g creatinine,median:3.46 μg/g creatinine) and the level of urinary NAG activity(median:2.18 U/g creatinine) in polluted area were higher than those in the control group. Based on the synthetic judgment from urine cadmium, β_2-MG and NAG, no case meeting the indexs for early and chronic health damage caused by cadmium pollution was found. Conclusion The indibidual health damage level in Guangxi environmental cadmium polluted areas was relatively low in general.But the populations' high urine cadmium load

关 键 词：镉污染 暴露 健康风险 危害评估 

分 类 号：R995[医药卫生—毒理学]