试论“如犹当也”  

A Tentative Study on“Ru You Dang Ye”(如犹当也)

作　　者：白如[1] Bai Ru

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院,北京100875

出　　处：《励耘语言学刊》2016年第3期53-65,共13页

摘　　要：常用词“如”可以用来表达说话者的建议或规劝.以王引之为代表的“如犹当也”的观点受到现代学者的广泛认可,不过其训释原理还有待探寻.从句法环境看,“如”较多使用在“若……,则勿/弗……”这样的假设条件句中.该句式表示劝诫、建议的语义内涵较明显,使“如”的{应当}义?得以突显.从语义基础看,“当”“宜”“合”“应”等字有着从{符合、适合}义向{应该、应当}义发展的同步引申义列,而“如”字的{符合、顺应}义也有发展出{应当义}的可能.The common word“Ru”(如)can be used in the propositional contextto express the speaker’s advice or admonition.Chinese ancient exegesis interpreters have made some explanation of this linguistic phenomenon.“Ru You Dang Ye”(如犹当也),represented by Wang Yin-zhi(王引之),has been widely accepted by the modern scholars.However,the principles behind the sentence are still waiting for in-depth study.From the aspect of syntactic context,“Ru”(如)is frequently used in the hypothetical conditional clause“if…,do not…”.This sentence pattern has signi?cant meaning of suggestion and admonition,which highlights the deontic modal meaning of“Ru”(如).From the aspect of semantic basis,“Dang”(当),“Yi”(宜),“He”(合),“Ying”(应)have the similar semantic extension path-from“accord with something”to“should do something”.Therefore,“Ru”(如)has the possibility to extend the meaning of deontic modal.

关 键 词：“如”字 {应当}义 句式环境 语义基础 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]