不同心理韧性运动员对情绪信息的注意偏向研究  

Attentional Bias to Emotional Stimuli Between High and Low Toughness Athletes

作　　者：杨勇涛[1] 刘运洲[2] 孙延林[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津体育学院国家体育总局竞技运动心理与生理调控实验室,天津300381 [2]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2017年第1期63-67,共5页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：天津市自然科学基金项目(项目编号:16JCQNJC14300);财政部基本科研业务费资助项目(基本15-11);天津市高等学校创新团队培养计划资助(T012-5058);天津市131创新型人才第三层次人员

摘　　要：心理韧性是运动员取得卓越表现的关键因素,它与注意控制和焦虑有密切关系。注意偏向是个体对特定信息的选择性偏好。心理韧性水平可能影响运动员对竞赛环境中信息的选择,进而导致运动员出现不同的注意偏向。采用线索—靶子范式,使用PPI-A问卷从63名武术运动员中选取高和低心理韧性水平运动员各12名,探讨不同心理韧性水平运动员对情绪信息的注意偏向特点。结果显示,在无效线索条件下,高心理韧性运动员对情绪刺激表现出注意解除,低心理韧性运动员对情绪刺激出现解除困难;而有效线索条件下,低心理韧性运动员对负性情绪刺激表现出注意警觉。结论:心理韧性影响运动员的注意偏向,高和低心理韧性水平运动员表现出不同的注意偏好。未来研究需要进一步探讨心理韧性和注意偏向的关系,阐明心理韧性影响注意偏向的机制,以及使用运动专项情境相关的情绪刺激探讨运动员的注意偏向。Mental toughness is a key factor for athletes＇ excellent performance closely to attention control and anxiety. Attentional bias is a phenomenon thatindividual pay attention to specific information with a selective preference in competition. Mental toughness may influence the selective of information, whichled to different kinds of attention bias. To study the attentional bias characteristics to emotional stimuli between high and low toughness athletes by using cue-target paradigm, 12 high toughness athletes and 12 low toughness athletes were chosen from 63 college athletes according to the scores in the scale of Psycho-logical Performance lnventory-A （PPI-A）. Results showed that under the condition of invalid clues, high toughness athletes showed disengagement of at-tention to emotional stimuli, while low toughness athletes showed difficult in disengagement of attention to emotional stimuli ; while under the condition ofvalid clues, Low toughness athletes showed attention to negative emotional stimuli. Toughness influences the attentional bias of athletes, and there have dif-ferent attentional bias between high and low toughness athletes. In future, researchers should investigate the relationship between mental toughness and atten-tional bias, demonstrate the mechanism that mental toughness influence attentional bias, and use emotional stimulus closely to sport situation to discuss thecharacteristic of attentional bias.

关 键 词：心理韧性 运动员 注意偏向 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]