不同栽培措施对直播早熟油菜机械收获相关性状的影响  

Effects of Different Cultivation Measures on Mechanical Harvest Charaters of Direct Seeded Rapeseed

作　　者：徐江林[1] 王强[1] 李祯[1] 彭烨[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学油料研究所,长沙410128

出　　处：《作物研究》2017年第4期408-414,共7页Crop Research

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD11B03)

摘　　要：油菜机械化生产是目前油菜高效栽培的主要途径之一,为探究适合直播早熟油菜机械收获的最佳栽培模式,以特早熟甘蓝型油菜品系‘1358’为材料,共设置3个播种期、3个栽培密度和2个施肥水平,研究不同栽培措施对直播早熟油菜机械收获相关性状的影响。结果表明:迟播能缩短油菜的生育期,而密度和肥料处理对生育期影响不大。不同处理间,株高随着播期推迟和密度增大而降低,增施肥料能增加油菜株高。一次分枝的数量和分枝位与播期、密度显著相关,而肥料对其影响不显著。在油菜分枝位方面,3个因素的组合处理均在68 cm以上,适合油菜机械收获的要求。此外,早熟油菜播种越早产量越高,增加施肥量能提高油菜产量。本研究中,在同一施肥量条件下,10月20日播种,随着密度增加减产幅度增大;10月30日和11月9日播种,产量则随着密度的增加而提高。综合农艺性状和产量表现,提出了直播早熟油菜10月底播种,每公顷栽培90万株,施用复合肥(有效成分48%,N、P、K含量均为16%)900 kg的农机与农艺相配套的最优栽培模式。Mechanical production of rapeseed is one of the main ways of high efficient cultivation of rapeseed.In order to find the best cultivation model that suitable for the mechanical harvest of direct seeded early maturing rapeseed,the special early maturing rapeseed '1358' was used as the material in this experiment.Three sowing times,three planting density and two fertilization levels were designed to study the cultivation measures of mechanical harvest of direct early-maturing rapeseed.Results showed that late sowing could shorten the growth period of rapeseed,but the effect of density and fertilizer treatment on the growth period was not affected.Among the treatments,the plant height decreased as the delay of sowing date and the increase of density.The number and the position of the primary branch were significantly correlated with the sowing date and density,but the fertilizer had no significant effect.The rape branch positions of all the treatments were higher than 68 cm,which was suitable for the mechanical harvesting of rapeseed.In addition,the earlier the sowing of early maturing rapeseed,the higher the yield.In this study,at the same amount of fertilizer,the rape yield when sowed in October 20 th decreased with the increase of density.The rape yield sowed at October 30 th and in November 9th,increased with the increase of density.The best cultivation pattern,which suitable for agricultural machinery and agronomic best combination of cultivation measures,was proposed for the early maturity rapeseed,its sowing date is in late October to early November,sowing density is 90 000 plants/hm^2,and fertilization should be compound fertilizer(available component 48%,N,P,K content is 16) 900 kg.

关 键 词：早熟油菜 机械化收获 播种期 密度 施肥 

分 类 号：S565.404[农业科学—作物学]