长江中下游“一江两湖”泥沙分布格局研究  

Sediment distribution in mid-lower Yangtze River and two connected lakes

作　　者：朱玲玲 

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会水文局,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《人民长江》2017年第11期27-31,共5页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402301;2016YFC0402101;2016YFC0402304;2016YFC0402305)

摘　　要：长江中下游"一江两湖"交织,形成我国最为庞大和复杂的江湖水网,是水资源最为丰富的地区,亦是长江经济带发展规划的重点区域。近60 a来,江湖系统内、外部人类活动频繁,规模大,致使泥沙来源、来量及分布格局显著变化,江湖关系相应调整。基于江湖系统不同控制区的泥沙通量计算,揭示了"一江两湖"泥沙分布格局调整的3个特征阶段:1956~1980年江平衡、湖沉积,1981~2002年江湖同沉积和2003~2015年江湖同补给。下荆江裁弯、水土保持工程、湖泊围垦和水利枢纽工程等多重人类活动以及极端的水文情势,对江湖泥沙分布格局阶段的调整影响明显。The huge and complicated river - lake system of Yangtze River is composed of the middle reach of Yangtze River, Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake that naturally connected to it. This system has the most abundant water resources and is one of the key areas of Yangtze Economic Zone. During the past 60 years, the internal and external environment changed remarkably due to highly intensified human activities, which has further altered the sources, amount and distribution pattern of sediment in the river - lake system. By employing the measured sediment data, the flux of sediment in different controlling areas were calcu-lated and the results revealed the 3 phrases of sediment pattern adjustment： balance in the river and deposition in the lakes from 1956 to 1980, deposition in river and lakes from 1981 to 2002, sediment supplement by river and lakes from 2003 to 2015. The distribution pattern of sediment in river - lake system has been influenced by extreme flow regimes and multiple human activities such as the lower Jingjiang cutoff project, soil and water conservation projects, lakes reclamation and operation of large reser-voirs.

关 键 词：“一江两湖” 泥沙分布格局 多重人类活动 泥沙补给 长江中下游 

分 类 号：TV149[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]