城市化、基础权力与政治稳定  

Title: Urbanization,the State's Infrastructural Power,and Political Stability in China

作　　者：谢岳[1] 葛阳[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院中国城市治理研究院,上海市200030 [2]上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院,上海市200030

出　　处：《政治学研究》2017年第3期75-89,共15页CASS Journal of Political Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目"城镇化进程中的社会稳定体系建设"(13AZD019)的研究成果

摘　　要：中国城市化的快速发展在过去30年的时间里给人印象深刻,不过,令人费解的问题是,大多数发展中国家城市化都伴随着某种程度的政治动荡,只有中国保持着一定的稳定。我们由国家基础权力的理论入手,从国家的治理能力、国家对社会的控制范围以及国家统治的微观基础这样三个维度,来诠释这个现象,在于,中国的城市化不仅没有削弱国家的能力,相反,城市化极大地提高了国家的财力。国家财力的提高有助于国家在城市基层社区里有力地推行政策,有助于运用再分配的手段缩小贫富差距。国家基础权力的作用还来自于权力在城市空间的制度性拓展,将新的社会群体与国家之间建立起特定的政治联系。国家基础权力的建设着重于城市弱势群体利益的维护,无论是在城市新空间的权力扩张,还是在福利上向底层人口倾斜,抑或通过制度建设向城市弱势群体提供的国家救济,都是基于基层政治稳定的需要而做出的理性决定。国家基础权力在上述三个方面产生的总体效应,确保了中国的城市化进程没有伴生政治动荡。The rapid urbanization over two decades has been occurring under the situation,which China has been remaining stable,challenges the typical proposition of political modernization theory.How can we have more understandings on this an exceptional case?Grounded on the theory of the state's infrastructural power,specified into three dimensions including governance capacity,the state's reach,and micro foundation of the state,this paper argues(a)that urbanization in China is an important of means to enhance fiscal capacity,while the improved fiscal capacity in turn has helped grassroots governments more effectively implement policies and bridged the gap of inequality through redistribution;(b)that the state's infrastructural power has established a political tie between emerging social groups and the state while it penetrated into urban space;(c)that the construction of the infrastructural power has obtained political support among below urban society by prioritized welfare offerings;and(d)that the micro state building has enabled to provide highly efficient administrative assistance for the weakness in face of disputes so that disputes were constrained to escalate into social instability.The functions above that the state's infrastructural power have employed combine to improve the efficiency of security maintenance in cities.

关 键 词：城市化 国家基础权力 政治稳定 

分 类 号：D61[政治法律—政治学] F299.2[政治法律—中外政治制度]