社会工作科学化:反思性社会工作理论的思想与启示  

Research on Scientification of Social Work:Thoughts and Contribution of The Reflective Social Work Theory

作　　者：张威[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《社会工作》2017年第3期29-47,共19页Journal of Social Work

摘　　要：社会工作能否被称为一门科学和一种职业?它的科学属性和社会功能是什么,社会工作理论与实践之间的关系是什么,如何构建社会工作的专业性和质量?反思性社会工作理论从一个全新的角度对作出阐释和科学定位:社会工作既是一门职业化反思科学,也是一种反思性职业。社会工作科学/理论属于反思理论,有别于常规的科学理论。基于这一科学理解,反思性社会工作认为,处于社会工作职业核心地位的,不是科学知识,而是专业行动。社会工作的专业性和质量只能通过专业行动得以体现。而专业行动受制于各种内部和外部结构条件,构建专业行动质量的决定性核心要素是反思性专业性,它强调一种辩证性、结构性、系统性、互动性的反思意识和反思能力,比如,相对看待知识与能力、关注社会工作者与案主互动、辩证理解理论与实践关系、在社会环境框架下理解案例工作的反思视角。由此反思能力成为社会工作者的核心职业能力。反思性社会工作理论思想对推动中国社会工作扩展理论视角、提高实践质量、促进职业发展具有决定性意义。Scientification of Social Work:Thoughts and Contribution of The Reflective Social Work Theory Can social work be called a science and a profession? What is its scientific nature and social function?What is the relationship between social work theory and practice? How to construct the 'professionalism and quality of social work? The reflective social work theory carry on the following theoretical interpretation and scientific positioning of social work from a new perspective:Social work is not only a professional reflective science,but also a reflective profession. Social work science/theory is a reflective theory,which is different from the conventional scientific theory. Based on this scientific understanding,reflective social work believes that the core position of social work is not scientific knowledge,but the professional action. The quality and professionalism of social work can only be reflected through the professional action. Theprofessional actionarises from the overall structure and framework of social work profession.And the core element for the construction of quality of professional action is the reflective professionality,it emphasizes a dialectical,structured,systematic,interactive reflection consciousness and reflection ability. For example,the reflective perspective of relativity of knowledge and ability,attention to the interaction between social worker and client,dialectical understanding of the theory and practice,understanding of the case work in the social and environmental factors. Therefore the reflective professionalism becomesthe core essential factor for the construction of service quality of social work! The reflection ability becomes the core professional ability of the social worker! The reflective social work theory is of decisive significance to promote the expansion of social work theory,the improvement of practice quality and professional development.

关 键 词：社会工作科学化 反思性社会工作理论 社会工作专业性与服务质量 反思性专业性 社会工作职业化 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]