农田残膜污染治理技术研究现状与展望  

Research Status and Prospect of Control Technology for Residual Plastic Film Pollution in Farmland

作　　者：赵岩[1] 陈学庚[1] 温浩军[1] 郑炫[1] 牛琪[2] 康建明[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院机械装备研究所,石河子832000 [2]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [3]中国农业机械化科学研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2017年第6期1-14,共14页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503105);中国工程院咨询项目(2017-XZ-18)

摘　　要：地膜覆盖栽培在农业生产中已被广泛应用,我国地膜覆盖种植面积超过2 000万hm^2,为作物增产增收和保障我国粮食安全提供了重要支撑。随着覆膜年数和覆膜面积的不断增加,废旧地膜在土壤中的残留量逐步增多,残膜污染已严重威胁到农业生产和自然环境,成为影响我国农业生产可持续发展的突出问题。本文对现阶段国内外残膜回收技术及装备进行了分析,总结归纳了播前、苗期和秋后收膜的代表机型及其优缺点,最后概述了国外关于农膜回收和治理的政策法规,简述了国家和部分省区的残膜污染治理政策,对目前本领域的研究特点和发展趋势进行了总结和展望,提出了适应我国国情的残膜污染治理技术及方案。Plastic film mulching cultivation has been widely used in agricultural production due to the benefits such as increasing soil temperature,reducing weed pressure and certain insect pest and improving crop yields.The plastic film mulching area in China is more than 20 million hm^2 and this technology provides significant support for the crop yield improvement and food security.Residual plastic film in soil is increased in quantity with the increase of mulching duration and area,and the residual plastic film pollution had seriously threatened agricultural production and natural environment,which has become a prominent problem affecting the sustainable development of agricultural production in China.The technology and equipment of residual plastic film at home and abroad was reviewed,the representative model and structure of residual plastic film collecting machine which used in different periods,including pre-sowing stage,seeding stage and autumn film collection stage were summarized in detail,and their merits and demerits were analyzed.Then the foreign policies and regulations on the collection and management of agricultural plastic film and domestic policies for residual plastic film pollution control were systematically summarized.Finally,the current research feature in this field was summarized and future development direction was shown clearly based on policy,technology and demand of agricultural sustainable development.Corresponding technology and scheme of residual plastic film control for China＇s national conditions were proposed as following：replacing ordinary non-degradable film with degradable film;guaranteeing the mechanized collection of ordinary plastic film,especially establishing the completely mechanized collection system for residual plastic film;opening up the new channel for reusing residual plastic film.In conclusion,development of the residual plastic film collecting machine with good quality and high reliability is important guarantees to control residual plastic film pollution,and researc

关 键 词：残膜 污染 治理 

分 类 号：S604.3[农业科学—园艺学]