行政程序瑕疵的三分法与司法审查  

The Trichotomy of Administrative Procedure Defect and Judicial Review

作　　者：梁君瑜 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《法学家》2017年第3期45-58,共14页The Jurist

基　　金：中荷合作项目"中国行政诉讼制度改革的理论与实践"(106-239067)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在行政程序法典阙如的情形下,我国新《行政诉讼法》担纲了规范行政程序瑕疵类型的重任。新法对行政程序瑕疵采取"违反法定程序"与"程序轻微违法"的二分法,忽略了司法实践中大量存在的第三种类型:不被撤销或确认违法,而是由法院予以指正并判决驳回诉讼请求的"狭义程序瑕疵"。在引入"狭义程序瑕疵"而形成三分法后,有必要在制度层面增设"忽略不计(视为合法)"的法律后果。同时,基于完善行政程序瑕疵的判决方式考虑,应排除撤销判决中部分撤销之适用、质疑责令重作判决不受限制之正当性、反对增设补正判决作为确认违法判决之从判决,还应防止法院因宽泛认定"狭义程序瑕疵"而大量作出驳回诉讼请求判决的现象。为此,应以"违反程度轻微且行政机关自行实施了有意义的补正"作为适用驳回判决的前提。Under the background that the administrative procedure code is absent,the types of administrative procedure defect are regulated by the new Administrative Litigation Law of the People’s Republic of China.The new Administrative Litigation Law divides administrative procedure defects into'the violation of legal procedures'and'procedural minor illegality',but seriously ignores the third type which has a large number in the judicial practice:the claims pointed out and dismissed by the court instead of being revoked or confirmed as illegality.After introducing'the narrow procedural defect'so as to form trichotomy,it is necessary to add the legal consequence of'negligible(as lawful as regarded)'at the institutional level.Meanwhile,in order to optimize the decisions for administrative procedure defecst,besides excluding the application of partcancellation judgment,querying the legitimacy of unlimited remaking judgment and opposing to add supplement judgment as the auxiliary judgment of illegal affirmation judgment,we should prevent the court from frequently making claim-dismissed judgment based on recognizing'the narrow procedural defect'widely.Therefore,we should make the prerequisite of applying claim-dismissed judgment as both following ones:the degree of violation is minor;the administrative organ implements a meaningful correction actively.

关 键 词：行政程序瑕疵 三分法 狭义程序瑕疵 视为合法 驳回诉讼请求判决 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]