日本协同推进环境保全型农业的举措及对我国的启示  

Initiatives and Inspiration of Japan With Collaboration in Promoting Environmentally Friendly Agriculture

作　　者：马健[1] 韩星焕[2] MA Jian HAN Xinghuan(Research Center of Management Evaluation/Jiangxi Institute of Economic Development, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022 College of Economics and Management, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学管理决策评价中心/江西经济发展研究院,南昌330022 [2]吉林农业大学经济管理学院,长春130118

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第4期99-105,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：江西省高校人文社会科学重点研究基地项目(JD16101)

摘　　要：日本在战后粮食供给极度匮乏,粮食安全形势十分严峻,为了迅速恢复农业生产,增加粮食产量,农户开始大量使用化肥和农药,结果是粮食产量增加的同时,却导致了严重的环境污染问题,给日本的农村生态环境和农业可持续发展带来了前所未有的危机。为此,日本政府决定转变农业发展理念和方式,并从20世纪90年代开始大力推广"环境保全型农业",采取了创新组织机构、坚决依法推进、确立技术及类型和注重"产、官、学、消"四位一体协同推进的策略,为环境保全型农业的顺利实施和健康发展打下了坚实的基础。中日同属东亚小农经营体制,两国农业在发展轨迹上具有一定的类似,借鉴日本的成功经验,中国在推进自身环境友好型农业的发展中,应当充分发挥政府的核心领导作用;健全法律体系,坚决依法推进;提高农户经营能力,培育现代农业接班人;打造各界参与、多方联动的协同推进运行机制。Japan was facing the serious problem of food shortage after the Second World War. In order to mcrease food supply, chemical fertilizers and pesticides were used in the resumption of agricultural production. However, Japan＇s agricultural sustainable development suffered a big crisis due to the serious social effects of pollution. To address this issue, the Japanese government decided to transform the concept and mode of agricultural develop- ment, and began to promote the ＂environmentally friendly agriculture＂ since the 1990s. Japan has achieved successful implementation and health development of the environmentally friendly agriculture through reorganizing, legal governance, establishing technological criteria and promoting cooperation among＂Industry, Government, Universities and Consumers＂. China and Japan have similar farming system because the agricultural production in these two countries mainly based on small farmers. Therefore, taking example by Japan＇s successful experience is quite helpful for China＇s environmentally friendly agriculture. China should： （1）make full use of the government＇s leading role; （2）improve the legal system and promote in accordance with the law; （3） enhance the farmers ability and train the successors for modern agriculture; （4） create a good environment for the formation of mutual collaborative network which is made up of all social sections.

关 键 词：日本 环境保全型农业 协同推进 “产、官、学、消”四位一体 

分 类 号：F323.22[经济管理—产业经济]