免耕施肥条件下冬小麦季土壤呼吸速率及影响因素  

Seasonal change and effecting factors on soil respiration of winter-wheat farmland under no-tillage and fertilizing

作　　者：王雪[1] 李景[2] 汪俊玉 刘东阳[1] 武雪萍[2] 李晓秀[1] 席吉龙[3] 李永山[3] 张建诚[3] 杨娜[3] 郝佳丽[3] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室,北京100081 [3]山西省农业科学院棉花研究所,山西运城044000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2017年第3期105-110,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300804);国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD22B03);国家“863”计划(2013AA102901);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203077,201203030)

摘　　要：基于连续8年的田间试验,研究分析了不同耕作施肥措施下冬小麦农田土壤呼吸的季节变化及影响因素。结果表明:不同耕作施肥处理可以显著影响土壤呼吸速率,与传统耕作相比,免耕覆盖处理显著降低了旱地农田土壤呼吸速率;而相同耕作处理下,增施有机肥会显著提高土壤呼吸速率,说明翻耕和增施有机肥均会促进土壤呼吸。冬小麦季土壤温度和水分是土壤呼吸的主要影响因素,其中土壤温度可以解释土壤呼吸变化的83.2%~93.7%,土壤水分可以解释44.0%~76.5%,土壤温度对土壤呼吸的影响大于土壤水分;土壤温度对土壤呼吸的影响程度因不同耕作施肥处理而异,翻耕和增施有机肥均会提高土壤呼吸的温度敏感性(Q_(10)),免耕覆盖条件下减小了土壤呼吸受温度的影响程度。Based on the 8-year field experiment, this research analyzed the seasonal variations and effecting factors under different tillage and fertilization treatments. The results indicated that different tillage and fertilization treatments significantly affected the soil respiration rate, compared with conventional tillage, no-tillage with straw mulching treatment obviously de- creased the respiration rate of dry farmland soil. Under the equivalent tillage treatment, the soil respiration rate was distinct- ly improved when manure increased applied. On account of the above aspects, it showed that both tillage and manure appli- cation contributed to the soil respiration. Seasonal soil temperature and moisture of winter-wheat were the main factors to in- fluence soil respiration of which soil temperature and soil moisture explained 83.2% - 93.7% and 44. 0% - 76. 5% respec- tively of soil respiration. The effect of soil temperature on soil respiration was fairly greater than that of soil moisture. Mean- while, the effect degree of the soil temperature on soil respiration varied from different tillage and fertilization treatments. In addition, tillage and manure raised the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration, and no-tillage with straw mulching reduced the impact of temperature.

关 键 词：免耕施肥 土壤呼吸 土壤温度 土壤水分 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]