最低工资与已婚女性劳动参与  

Minimum Wage and Labor Force Participation of Married Women

作　　者：马双[1,2] 李雪莲[3] 蔡栋梁[4] 

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学经济学院 [2]南京审计大学经济与金融研究院,611130 [3]西南财经大学经济学院金融安全协同创新中心,611130 [4]西南财经大学金融学院

出　　处：《经济研究》2017年第6期153-168,共16页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家社科重大项目(14ZDB134);国家自然科学基金项目(71503205);四川省社科规划项目(SC15B083)的资助

摘　　要：借助中国家庭金融调查2011—2013年数据,以及最低工资标准在不同区县不同时间上的差异,在分别考察最低工资标准上涨对工资、就业的影响后,本文重点考察了最低工资标准上涨对劳动参与,尤其是已婚女性劳动参与的影响。回归结果显示:(1)最低工资标准上涨10%,员工的雇佣工资显著增加6.6%,被雇佣概率下1.2%,但在10%的统计水平下不显著。(2)最低工资标准上涨主要增加已婚女性的劳动参与率。最低工资标准每上涨10%,已婚女性劳动参与率显著增加1.86个百分点,且以从事非农工作为主。对工资收入处于最低25%的已婚女性,劳动参与率更是显著增加3.03个百分点。(3)综合考察最低工资标准上涨对已婚女性劳动参与以及进入劳动市场后就业概率的影响发现,最低工资标准上涨10%,16—55岁已婚女性中就业个体的占比显著增加2个百分点。(4)从异质性上看,最低工资标准上涨主要影响中年、低教育水平或来自西部地区的已婚女性。在劳动供需发生根本转变的情形下,通过激活劳动力存量,上调区县最低工资标准对短期内缩小中国劳动力供需缺口有重要作用。China will experience a sharp labor force shortage in the next decade. According to the China Household Finance Survey, the cumulative reduction in the labor force in 2014 -2018 will be about 26 million people with an average annual reduction of 5.2 million people. The adjustment of the Chinese population fertility policy from the one-child policy in 1980 to the two-children policy in 2014 is a long-term and fundamental measure adopted to increase the labor force supply, but in the short term it is very helpful for studying how to activate the current labor force stock by increasing the participation rate of married women in the labor force. This paper studies the labor force participation rate of married women in China from the perspective of the exogenous adjustment of the county minimum wage standards. Theoretically, for a representative worker, the rise in minimum wage should increase his/her wage but reduce his/her probability of being employed, and the overall effect on expected income depends on the relative size of the two effects of minimum wage. Using micro data from the China Household Financial Surveys conducted in 2011 and 2013 as well as the minimum wage standards of each county collected by hand between 2011 and 2013 ,we investigate the effect of the minimum wage increases on the labor force participation rate of married women. Regression results show that an increase of 10% in the minimum wage standard should significantly increase an employee＇s wage by 6% and decrease his/her probability of being employed by 1.2 percentage points. Overall, the main regression results show that an increase of 10% in the minimum wage standard may result in a significant increase in the labor force participation rate among married women by 1. 86 percentage points after some external factors, such as individual characteristics, household characteristics, the macroeconomic characteristics of the surveyed counties and districts, time trends and the fixed effects of the surveyed counties and districts, are controlle

关 键 词：最低工资 已婚女性 劳动参与 

分 类 号：D669.68[政治法律—政治学] F249.24[政治法律—中外政治制度]